4.2 A divided world

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Chapter 4

4.2 A divided world

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain, using an example, how the tensions between the superpowers rose outside Europe as well.
• You can explain how the Vietnam War started and what its consequences were for the United States.

Today...

• What do you remember? (+- 5 min)
• Explanation (+- 15 min)
• Video (+- 10 min)
• Homework (+- 10 min)

Cold War

The Domino Theory

• China becomes communist under Mao Zedong . 
•  Western leaders were afraid that other countries in Asia would copy the Chinese example.
• if they didn’t intervene, one country after another would turn communist – like toppling domino tiles...

The Korean War

• Korea seemed to be turning communist:  The Japanese left their former colony and two Koreas arose: North (communist) and South (capitalist).
• North attacked South: An international army led by the US helped the South and the North was helped by China. 
• Truce in 1953.

The Vietnamese communist fighters fought a guerrilla war 

A military struggle in which local fighters try to beat a better-armed enemy by using small, unexpected attacks with light armaments instead of large pitched battles with tanks and planes.

Explain how the Vietnam War started and what the consequences were for the US

Homework

exercise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 from paragrph 4.2

Chapter 4

4.2 A divided world

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You can explain what mutual deterrence is and what effect it had on the political situation in the world.

Today...

• What do you remember? (+- 5 min)
• Explanation (+- 25 min)
• Homework (+- 15 min)

Last lesson

Arms race

• The USA starts to build more atomic weapons....and so does the Soviet-Union (arms race).

•  They had enough weapons to destroy the entire world, however...

They were scared to use them...

Mutual deterrence: A situation in which two power blocs with nuclear missiles dare not attack each other for fear this would immediately lead to their own destruction.

Cuban Missile Crisis

16-28 October 1962

Causes

• Cuba has been communist since 1959

• 
  This caused great irritation and fear in the United States: communism in their backyard!

• Failed CIA Invasion of Cuba: Bay of Pigs Incident (April 1961)

• (Economic) boycott of Cuba

• Cuba starts to sell sugar to the Soviet Union

• Cuba and the Soviet Union fear a US invasion of Cuba.

Then....

The Soviet Union is allowed to place nuclear missiles in Cuba.

16-22 October 1962

• US planes show photos of a missile base under construction

• President Kennedy is notified

• The last missile parts are on their way by ship from the Soviet Union to Cuba

Great unrest in the United States

What shall Kennedy do?

• Nothing

• Talk with the Soviet Union.

• Attack Cuba

• Invasion of Cuba

• Convince Fidel Castro: ''Work with us, not with the Russians''.

• Blockade of the island, so that no ships with parts reach Cuba.

He decides:

• Talk with the Soviet-Union

• Blockade around Cuba

The tension rises....

Kennedy to Khrushchev:

• Remove the missile base in Cuba

• Let the Soviet ships with the parts turn around. 
  

Khrushchev to Kennedy:

• Agree, but then the Americans should not attack Cuba.

• The United States must remove its missiles from Turkey. These were aimed at the Soviet Union.

Video: De Cuban Missile Crisis

What effect did mutual deterrence have on the world?

Homework

exercise 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11  from paragrph 4.2