V4 Unit 1: All Conditionals revision

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Unit 1

Grammar: All conditionals

Unit 6: Conditionals 

1. Zero Conditional Sentences - general truths
2. First Conditional Sentences - future
3. Second Conditional Sentences - present 
4. Third Conditional Sentences - past

Zero conditional:

If/when + present simple  |  present simple

general truths—situations in which one thing always causes another.

If you don’t shower, you smelll bad.

When people smoke cigarettes, their health suffers.

First conditional:

If/when + present simple  |  will + infinitive

express situations in which the outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future. 

If you don't play, we won’t win the match.

If I get an Iphone for Christmas, I will be very happy

Second conditional

If + past simple  |  would/could/should/might + infinitive

expressing outcomes that are completely unrealistic or will not likely happen in the future. 

If I had a daughter, I would teach her Russian. (unreal present)

If I started my own business, I wouldn’t work on Friday afternoons (hypothetical future)

Third conditional

If + past perfect  |  would have/could have/should have/might have + past participle 

explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past

If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies. 

Mixed conditionals:

Present result of a past condition

In this type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect (third conditional), and the tense in the main clause is the second conditional (would/could etc. + inf.):  

If I had studied I would have my driving license now. (but I didn't study and now I don't have my license)

I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (but I didn't take the job and I'm not a millionaire)

There is an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. These sentences express a situation which is contrary to reality both in the past and in the present. In these mixed conditional sentences, the time is the past in the "if" clause and in the present in the main clause.

Mixed conditionals:

Past result of present or continuing condition

In this mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple past (second conditional), and the tense in the main clause is the third conditional (would/could etc. + past participle).

If she wasn't afraid of flying she wouldn't have travelled by boat.

I would have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.

These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present situation and its probable (but unreal) past result. In these mixed conditional sentences, the time in the if clause is now or always and the time in the main clause is before now. For example, "If she wasn't afraid of flying"  is contrary to present reality: She is afraid of flying. "She wouldn't have travelled by boat" is contrary to past reality: She would have travelled by plane.

Now get ready to answer some questions

Now you try!

Mixed conditionals test:

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/mixed-conditionals/

All conditionals mixed test:

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/all-conditionals-mixed-conditionals-alternatives-if-inversion/

Make sure you do all 3 pages & note down your scores!