Enlightenment

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Short recap

King Louis XIV, absolutism, Society of Estates, Ancien Regime.

It's important you write down this information and the ideas of Enlightenment before you start with assignment one.

In this lesson

Use Lessonup

Enlightenment

Do the check from slide 23 after the lecture.

Make pairs.

Work on assignment one.

Don't forget to put the information in a shared word document!

The Enlightenment 18th century

Today

• The Enlightenment and the scientific revolution
• Video about the Enlightenment (Verlichting)
• Questions 

Enlightenment

• Means 'Verlichting'
• It is a period in time in which people started asking questions about society
• From these ideas came the democracy that we live in!

Who talks to God?

Why do bad things happen?

Why is the king, the king?

How do doctors make people better?

What is air and space?

The Scientific Revolution

• Before the enlightenment = Religion, magic, we’ve always done it like that

• After the enlightenment = The Scientific Method
  
  

Enlightenment

In general the ideas of the Enlightenment had to do with:

 tolerance, freedom and equality.

Philisophers were questioning those concepts:

What is equality?

What is freedom about? Slavery? Why does some people have more influence on the government than others?

The Enlightenment

Political Ideas

• Why is the king the boss?
• Why do some people have more freedom than others?
• Do people have rights?
• All people?

The Enlightenment
Political Ideas

• Philosophers and other thinkers started to ask questions 
• Not only about the world but also about society, people and God

Enlightenment Political ideas

• Natural rights

• Liberty

• Equality

• Separation of powers

John Locke:

All people have natural rights that nobody can take away, not even a king.

Natural rights

Example: 

• Every person has a right to live life

Montesquieu

• He is famous for his theory of the Separation of Powers (Trias Politica):
• The power of the state should never be in the hands of one person.
• therefore power should be split up into three seperate parts, being:
• the legislative (making laws), executive (carrying out the laws) and judicial (providing independent judgement) branch.
• his ideas are still used in most constitutions all over the world.

website

However....

Why was there still inequality in 18th century Europe?

Consequences Enlightenment

Short term:

Democratic revolutions like:

French Revolution

Batavian revolution

American War of Independance

People demand more freedom, power and equal rights

Consequences Enlightenment

Short term:

Abolitionism: alle men are created equal. Therefore Slavery must be abolished.

Consequences Enlightenment

Long term:

Liberalism

Socialism

Both are political-social movements on how society must be arranged for instance. They are influenced by the ideas from the Enlightenment.

Consequences Enlightenment

Long term:

religious freedom

freedom of speech

abolish censorship

What were some important Enlightenment ideas? Write down at least 2

The Age of Reason (Verlichting)

1. 1500-1600
2. 1600-1700
3. 1700-1800
4. 1800-1900

Not according to the ideas of the Enlightenment ...

1. Liberty
2. Ignorance
3. Encyclopedia
4. Tolerance

The ..A.. is a cause for ..B...

1. A. Enlightenment B. Scientific Revolution
2. A. Scientific Revolution B. Enlightenment

Thinkers of the Enlightenment

1. Les Catastrophes
2. Les Philosophes
3. Les Scientist

Very critical of the church, intolerance and French institutions

1. Montesquieu
2. Adam Smith
3. Louis XIV
4. Voltaire

TRIAS POLITICA

1. Montesquieu
2. Adam Smith
3. Louis XIV
4. Voltaire

FREE MARKET ECONOMY

1. Montesquieu
2. Adam Smith
3. Diderot
4. Voltaire

TRIAS POLITICA

1. Explains how to govern as an absolute monarch
2. Explains how power should be divided

The works of Enlightenment writers were NOT spread by ...

1. Coffeehouses
2. Bars
3. Encyclopedia
4. Universities

What was the Enlightenment

1. a light bulb moment
2. a scientific movement at the end of the 17th century
3. a new way of thinking inspired by philosophers
4. a new way of governing countries

What were absolut monarchists?

1. Rulers who shared power with parliaments
2. Rulers who were chosen by the people
3. Rulers who have total power
4. all 3

Extra info (in Dutch)

Watch the video on the next slide if you want some extra information (in Dutch).