Evolution GV3 2425

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Evolution GV3 2425

Welcome!

• Overview theory of the last test of the year
• Start instruction of evolution
• Time for homework

Overview

• Endtest in exam week will be a combination of 2 units
• Unit 5 basic 4 en 5 = Evolution
• Unit 6 basic 1, 2 and 3 = Ecology 
• Counts 3! times

Learning goal

You can describe the theory of evolution.

Concepts: Genetic variation, mutation, sexual reproduction, natural selection, adaptation, chance od survival,  fitness, species, 

What animal fact is not true

1. The uakari monkey with the reddest face has te most sex
2. The largest animal is a jelly fish
3. Squids can bit off their sperm arm so the sperm arm can operate alone
4. Humans have the most developed eyes of the animal kingdom

The siphonophore jelly fish has a tail that can be up to 45 meters long

A red face is a sign of health by Uakari monkeys a is found attractive 

If the squid is ready to reproduce. It will bit off it's sperm arm. This sperm arm will swim alone to find female squids. 

Genetic variation

• All living organisms are unique and have different traits. 
•  Species can appear, change and disappear = theory of evolution.
  

What causes genetic variation / variation in genotypes?

1. Mutations
2. Asexual reproduction
3. Fortune
4. Sexual reproduction

Natural selection 

Natural selection

• = the effect in which organisms that are well-adapted to their environments have a greater chance of surviving and having offspring
• Change of survival = chance to stay alive 

Different environments different challenges

What is biological fitness?

1. The amount of muscle in weight
2. The strength of muscle
3. The amount of offspring
4. The place were organism come together to train

What is the deciding 'thing' that tells you that two organisms belong to the same species?

Different species?

New species arise

Animals of same species are  split up

The environment slowly changes.

Because of natural selection, other genes are 'good' in new environment

Species have become different species after many years of evolution, due to living apart

more examples

New species arise

• New species arise due to LONG periods of evolution in a species
• Many small changes together  become big changes

• Evolution takes very long! (thousands of years)

Summarizing

1. Due to mutation and sexual reproduction genetic variation is present. 

2. Not everyone can survive in specific environment this leads to natural selection.

3. The ones that survive the environment can reproduce and have a higher fitness. 

4. Over time due to this process different species can arise.

Homework

Theme 5 

Basic 4 The theory of evolution

Question: 1,2,3,4,7 and 8

Welcome!

• Throwback to the homework
• Recap theory with an interactive video
• Theory basic 5.5

Question 7

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is found in many hospitals. Some of the bacteria have become insensitive (resistant) to antibiotics. These bacteria are called MRSA bacteria or hospital bacteria (see figure 10).

a Explain how variation in genotypes can occur in bacteria.

b Explain why bacteria evolve much faster than humans.

Doctors have warned about overuse of antibiotics. They are afraid that antibiotics will no longer work in the future.

c Explain why the efficacy of antibiotics might be reduced.

Summarizing

1. Due to mutation and sexual reproduction genetic variation is present. 

2. Not everyone can survive in specific environment this leads to natural selection.

3. The ones that survive the environment can reproduce and have a higher fitness. 

4. Over time due to this process different species can arise.

What is not proof for evolution?

1. Walrus have the same bonestructure as humans
2. Beavers can grow chainshaw if they need to
3. Lungfish both have gills and lungs
4. Humans still have a tailbone

00:59

Explain in your own words what is natural selection?

01:30

What are the causes of genetic varation?

01:52

What is the biological meaning of fitness?

02:58

Can a frog change his appearance because he wants to?

1. Yes
2. No

04:17

You have learned the theory how can bacterial resistance (ongevoeligheid voor antibiotica) develop?

05:21

Again: how can bacterial resistance (ongevoeligheid voor antibiotica) develop?

Lungfish both have gills and lungs

• Lungfish can live on land and in the water. 

Overlap in the bone structure

Geological timescale 

Rudimentary organs

The end

Homework read basic 5 of unit 5 

Chose or making the evolution crossword

OR 

Start reading basic 5 of unit 5