End of WWI

• Geschiedenis
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

Welcome!

Today's plan

• Short recap about the First World War.
• Instruction 1.4
• Planning for the next weeks.
• Time to work on your summary and ask questions. 

The First World War became a ... war.

Choose the missing word.

1. Endless
2. Field
3. Trench
4. Guerilla

True or false:
During the First World War many inventions were made.

1. True
2. False

Can you write down 1 invention from the WWI?

Inventions WWI

Many!

Not only weapons but also:

• In medicine (plastic surgery/antibiotics)
• Zippers 
• Gas masks

Due to these inventions war needed to be approached differently. 

Generals were old fashioned, which resulted in the trench war.

End of the WWI

• Armistice (11-11)
• Peace negitiations 
•  The Treaty of Versailles
• Legue of Nations

The Germans

• The German soldiers were exhausted after 3,5 years of fighting.
•  They tried one last major offensive, but they got stopped once again at the river the Marne. 

Mutiny

• The Germans's weapons and food supply was wearing thin.
• The soldiers started a mutiny against their generals. 
• the commanders had no choice but to tell the emperor they had to give up.
• Wilhelm II resigned and fled to the Netherlands.

Armistice of Compiègne

11-11-1918, 11 o'clock

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk hadn't caused the Germans to win the war at the western front. The arrival of the Americans was the deciding factor for Germany.

The new German government signed the Armistice of Compiègne on a train slightly north of Paris.

Peace negotiations

1919

An Armistice wasn't peace. This was negotiated in 1919 at the palace of Versailles. 

The participating countries:

- England (Lloyd George)

- France (Clemenceau)

- The U.S. (Wilson)

- Italy (Orlando)

Treaty of Versailles (1)

• Germany has to give up a lot of territory (approximately 10%)

• Germany has to hand over their colonies.

• Germany may not have an army larger that a 100.000 men.

• Germany has to make reperations.

Treaty of Versailles (2)

• Germany is not allowed to have great warrships. 

• Germany may not have an airforce anymore.

• The border between Germany and France will be demilitarised.

Treaty of Versailles

28th of june 1919

Exactly 5 years after Franz-Ferdinand was murdered, the war is over. 

A League of Nations

One of president Wilson’s most important objectives in his Fourteen Point plan was the idea of a League of Nations. He wanted a future in which countries gathered and discussed hostilities and possible conflicts before using violence. He hoped that it would cause transparency and end the secret alliances. Wilson dreamed of a more peaceful world in which countries would disarm their militaries, so global wars could be prevented. However, his League of Nations did not become what he had expected. Germany was still seen as the enemy and therefore was not allowed to participate. The newly formed Soviet Union (Russia) was also not welcome because it betrayed its allies. Even Wilson’s own country, the USA, did not agree with his plans. Membership to the League was declined by the congress. The League of Nations was already a weak institution when it started. 

The official opening of the League of Nations, 15 November 1920

Planning for next weeks

• Deadline summary 24-1, hand in digitally via magister
•  Next week: starting -isms part II
• Study planner in Magister follow