3.4 The Scientific Revolution

3. The Time of Regents and Monarchs
4.  Scientific Revolution

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HistoryMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 2

This lesson contains 19 slides, with interactive quiz, text slides and 1 video.

time-iconLesson duration is: 50 min

Items in this lesson

3. The Time of Regents and Monarchs
4.  Scientific Revolution

Slide 1 - Slide

What is this lesson about?
The seventeenth century was the age of new scientific discoveries. An increasing number of universities were established. This led to a new generation of scientists who discovered scientific laws, some of which are still valid today. 
What caused this thirst for knowledge? 
Which methods were used? 
And who were some of those famous scientists?

Slide 2 - Slide

Word Duty





WORD DUTY


Science: knowledge about the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation

Revolution: a dramatic change in the way people live.

Scientific Revolution: a period of big changes in different fields of science; new scientific ideas 
gradually replaced classical-religious ideas 

Empirical thinking: research based on observing and experimenting 

Rationalism: research based on reasoning and logic (sometimes difficult for women:-)

Heliocentrism: current worldview in which the earth revolves around the sun (helios = sun).

Geocentrism: Biblical world view in which men believe the Earth is the centre of the universe (geo = earth)







Slide 3 - Slide

Important dates in this lesson:


1662 forming of the Royal Society in England

Slide 4 - Slide

people in this lesson
You will decide this by doing a project

Slide 5 - Slide

people in this lesson
Isaac Newton
Christiaan Huygens
Galileo Galilei

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Main Questions

  1. What is the Scientific Method?
  2. What caused the Scientific Revolution?
  3. How did the Scientific Revolution change the worldview of people?
  4. Who were some of the most famous scientists from that age and what did they accomplish?

Slide 7 - Slide

The rise of universities 

Up to the sixteenth century, there were only a few universities in Europe. If you lived in the Low Countries and wanted to study at a university, you had to move to Paris, Cologne or Leuven. In the sixteenth century, many universities emerged in big cities. 
After the Dutch Revolt, it was nearly impossible for students in the northern provinces to study in Leuven because the Spanish controlled this city. For this reason, William of Orange founded the University of Leiden in 1575. It enabled students from the northern provinces to study different subjects, like maths and physics. William of Orange also argued that a university would supply well-educated men for the government of the country.
 







library of the Leiden University in 1610.

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source A
The anatomical theatre of Leiden was an institution used in teaching anatomy. It was built in 1596. Engraving by Willem Swanenburg (1610).
Museum Boerhaave, Leiden - Anatomical Theatre during radio recording

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Slide 10 - Video

source B
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is a 1632, oil painting on canvas by Rembrandt housed in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands. 
The painting is regarded as one of Rembrandt's early masterpieces.

In the work, Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is pictured explaining the musculature of the arm to medical professionals. Some of the spectators are various doctors who paid commissions to be included in the painting. The painting is signed in the top-left hand corner Rembrandt. f[ecit] 1632. This may be the first instance of Rembrandt signing a painting with his forename (in its original form) as opposed to the monogramme RHL (Rembrandt Harmenszoon of Leiden), and is thus a sign of his growing artistic confidence.

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The Royal Society

Scientists were an international community. They didn’t keep secrets, but published their findings in books and pamphlets. In England, in 1662, a group of scientists formed the Royal Society. They met, talked through their latest ideas, and performed experiments. Communication was important. They invited important scientists from all over Europe to their meetings, and published accounts of the meetings that were read all over Europe and its colonies.

In the rest of this section, we shall take a look at a number of influential scientists who lived during the scientific revolution. This is going to be a group PROJECT.



 







Source C
Colbert presents scientists to king Louis XIV.
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by king Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences.


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PROJECT: poster 17th century scientists
Instructions:

*  groups of two or three (made by your teacher)
*  each group picks one scientist to research
*  make a poster according to the required elements.
*  two lessons to complete
*  use rubric to score

scientists:

*  Galileo Galilei
*  William Harvey
*  Francis Bacon
*  Johannes Kepler
*  Christiaan Huygens
*  Isaac Newton
*  René Déscartes
*  Robert Boyle
*  Edmond Halley
*  Antony van                 Leeuwenhoeck


Next slides:  -see the layout + required elements
                         -see the scoring rubric
Useful websites to get started with your research: 

Slide 13 - Slide

This is the layout 
and the required elements 
of your poster.

Slide 14 - Slide

This is the scoring rubric for your poster.


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Summary Lesson 3.4

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Lesson 3.4 overview
Copy this overview in your notebook and fill in the following terms: empirical thinking,  sharing results, reasoning and logic, rationalism, humanists, Scientific Method, everything is work of God, observing and experimenting, scientific laws

Slide 17 - Slide

Write down a question about something from this
lesson that you find difficult.

That is NOT the same as writing down the number of a question......

Slide 18 - Open question

congratulations
congratulations

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