Chapter 1: The world of geography



Chapter 1:

World of geography
  • Section 1: What is geography?
  • Section 2: Geographical maps
  • Section 3: Global positioning
  • Section 4: Working with an atlas
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Slide 1: Slide
AardrijkskundeMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 1

This lesson contains 50 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 9 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 120 min

Items in this lesson



Chapter 1:

World of geography
  • Section 1: What is geography?
  • Section 2: Geographical maps
  • Section 3: Global positioning
  • Section 4: Working with an atlas

Slide 1 - Slide

Classrules
Bring your Books + laptop + notebook
Forgot something: Tell me!
Phones always go into the phone hotel
When I talk, you remain silent
Class warnings

Slide 2 - Slide

Section 1:
What is geography?

Learning goals 
1. What is meant by geography. 
2. Explain the difference between physical and human geography. 
3. The difference between a natural and a man-made landscape.




Geography studies the earth as place humans live and also the humans as residence of the earth.


Slide 3 - Slide

The earth a livable planet
Why is the earth livable?

  1.  The Earth has the correct distance from the sun; the Earth has the correct temperature; not too hot and not too cold;
  2. The Earth has water in a liquid form;
  3. On Earth there is enough oxygen for us to breathe.

Slide 4 - Slide

Slide 5 - Video

Slide 6 - Video

We can divide geography in two subjects:

Physical Geography

Studies the natural features and processes on the Earth's surface and inside the Earth.



Human Geography

Studies the activities of humans around the world.

Slide 7 - Slide

Which topics belong to
physical geography?

Slide 8 - Mind map

Which topics belong to
human geography?

Slide 9 - Mind map

Slide 10 - Slide

Slide 11 - Slide

Slide 12 - Slide

Slide 13 - Slide

Slide 14 - Slide

Slide 15 - Slide

Landscapes
In geography we study landscapes; in general we have two types of landscapes:
  1. Natural landscapes: a landscape formed by processes inside the Earth or on the Earth's surface without the influence of humans.
  2. Man-made landscape: a landscape that is influenced by humans.

Slide 16 - Slide

Slide 17 - Video

Give an example of a natural landscape on Earth

Slide 18 - Open question

Off to work
Section 1.1 exercises 1-6

Slide 19 - Slide

Section 2: 
Geographical maps

Learning goals:
1. Describe the function of maps; 
2. Describe different types of maps;
3. Explain the function of the title,  legend, north arrow and the scale of maps;
4. Different types of map projections.



Maps have been used for navigation for centuries. Voyages of discovery made it possible to draw the map of the world we now today.


Slide 20 - Slide

Every map contains four features:
  1. Title: telling you what the map is about;
  2. North arrow or compass rose: showing directions;
  3. Legend: Explains the colours, symbols or letters used on a map;
  4. Scale: Informs you about the size of the area on the map

Slide 21 - Slide

Slide 22 - Slide

How to calculate with scale?
  1. Check the scale: example: 1:100
  2. Measure the distance on the map
  3. Do the distance times the scale: example: 4cm x 100 = 400cm 

Slide 23 - Slide

Slide 24 - Slide

Slide 25 - Slide

Types of maps
Simplified maps give a summary of a large area

1. Political map showing shape and size of countries;
2. Physical map showing physical features.

Slide 26 - Slide

Name the differences between a political and a physical map.

Slide 27 - Open question

Find online an example of a physical world map

Slide 28 - Open question

Find online an example of a thematic map about the Netherlands

Slide 29 - Open question

Slide 30 - Slide

Types of maps
Informative maps
1. Thematic map: focusses on a specific theme or topic e.g. precipitation or population.
2. Topographic map: gives detailed information about a small area

Slide 31 - Slide

Find a informative map of Nigeria about :

  1. Education
  2. Income
  3.  Religion

Slide 32 - Slide

Slide 33 - Video

Slide 34 - Link

Homework for next lesson
1.2: 6,7,8,9,10

Slide 35 - Slide

Section 3:
Global positioning
Learning goals:
1. Find a location on a map, using coordinates;
2. The difference between longitude and latitude; 
3. Explain the difference between the absolute distance and the relative distance;
4. The basics of the GPS. 

We use coordinates to determine a location on Earth.

For navigation we use imaginary vertical lines (called meridians) drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole and imaginary horizontal lines (called parellels). 

Slide 36 - Slide

Meridians
Using meridians we can determine longitude. From the prime meridian (that runs through Greenwich near London) we have 180 degrees longitude east (E) en 180 degrees longitude west (W).

Slide 37 - Slide

Parellels
With parellels you can determine the latitude of a place. 
The equator divides the earth in a Northern and Southern hemisphere.

Slide 38 - Slide

Slide 39 - Video

Slide 40 - Slide

Slide 41 - Slide

The Netherlands are located on
A
Northern hemisphere
B
Southern hemisphere
C
Eastern longitude
D
Western longitude

Slide 42 - Quiz

Slide 43 - Video

Distance en location
Two types of distances:
- Absolute distance; actual distance between two places in a straight line; expressed in kilometres.
- Relative distance; distance expressed in time or effort.

Absolute distance can't change that fast, 
but relative distance can.

Slide 44 - Slide

Slide 45 - Video

Slide 46 - Video

Section 4:
Working with an atlas

Learning goals
1. Find a map in the atlas using the page guide, table of contents and the index
2. Explain how to use the maps and charts in the atlas

An atlas is a book filled with different types of maps  an atlas contains simplified polical maps, but also very specific thematic ones (even about Starbucks and Ikea).

Slide 47 - Slide

Finding a map in the atlas
There are some useful tools to find a certain map in the atlas.
Copy the names of the tools you can use; explain how they are used, write the Dutch translation behind the explanation and add where you can find them in the atlas:

Main legend, table of contents, index, keyword index, bookmark.

Slide 48 - Slide

US world map
European world map

Slide 49 - Slide

Slide 50 - Video