Evolution: phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Evolution
Chapter 12&13 

Lesson 3: phylogenetic trees & morphological structures
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This lesson contains 21 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 1 video.

time-iconLesson duration is: 30 min

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Evolution
Chapter 12&13 

Lesson 3: phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Slide 1 - Slide

In a certain population, disruptive selection is occurring. In this population, which is most likely to survive?
A
organisms with average traits
B
organisms with extreme traits
C
organisms that sexually select
D
organisms that are small

Slide 2 - Quiz

A scientific name contains information about its:
A
family and species
B
genus and species
C
phylum and order
D
class and family

Slide 3 - Quiz

Cheetahs nearly became extinct but recovery efforts managed to save them. Now, most cheetahs are genetically identical. This is due to:
A
gene flow
B
the bottleneck effect
C
selective migration
D
random mating

Slide 4 - Quiz

Members of different species do not normally produce offspring due to:
A
differing courtship rituals
B
varying breeding times
C
gamete incompatibility
D
all of these

Slide 5 - Quiz

Learning objectives
  • Read and create phylogenetic trees
  • Describe convergent and divergent evolution
  • Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures
  • Describe the significance of morphological structures as evidence of evolution 

Slide 6 - Slide

Phylogenetic tree

Slide 7 - Slide

Tips for reading trees
  • Same, but different style



  • Same, but turned at 
    branching point 

Slide 8 - Slide

According to this tree, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?
A
amphibians
B
ray-finned fish
C
primates
D
birds

Slide 9 - Quiz

According to this tree, birds are LEAST closely related to which organism?
A
amphibians
B
ray-finned fish
C
primates
D
sharks

Slide 10 - Quiz

What is the most recent common ancestor of C and D?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4

Slide 11 - Quiz

Building a tree
Lamprey is the outgroup: most distantly related, starting point





Trait shared by the largest group
Parsimony: simplest solution is most likely

Slide 12 - Slide

Building a tree

Slide 13 - Slide

Interesting structures
  • Homologous: divergent evolution
    similar origin, different function
  • Analogous: convergent evolution
    different origin, similar function

Slide 14 - Slide

Vestigial organs
No apparent function, residual parts of an ancestor

Slide 15 - Slide

Which type of evolution shows a common ancestor?

A
convergent
B
divergent
C
adaptive radiation
D
both adaptive radiation and divergent

Slide 16 - Quiz

In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they
A
have a common ancestor
B
live in the same environment
C
develop homologous structures
D
are closely related

Slide 17 - Quiz

Flying fish, flying birds, and bats are examples of which of the following?
A
convergent evolution & homologous structures
B
convergent evolution & analogous structures
C
divergent evolution & homologous structures
D
divergent evolution & analogous structures

Slide 18 - Quiz

Match the image to the evolution pattern
A
A=convergent B=divergent C=adaptive radiation
B
A=adaptive radiation B=convergent C=divergent
C
A=divergent B=convergent C=adaptive radiation
D
A=divergent B=adaptive radiation C=convergent

Slide 19 - Quiz

Homework
Complete the worksheet phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Slide 20 - Slide

Slide 21 - Video