Evolution: phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Evolution

Evidence for evolution, phylogenetic trees & morphological structures
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Slide 1: Slide
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This lesson contains 29 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 3 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 30 min

Items in this lesson

Evolution

Evidence for evolution, phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Slide 1 - Slide

Learning objectives
  • Read and create phylogenetic trees
  • Describe convergent and divergent evolution
  • Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures
  • Describe the significance of Comparative Anatomy Comparative embryology and Comparative Biochemistry as evidence of evolution.

Slide 2 - Slide

Slide 3 - Slide

Slide 4 - Slide

Interesting structures
  • Homologous: divergent evolution
    similar origin, different function
  • Analogous: convergent evolution
    different origin, similar function

Slide 5 - Slide

Vestigial organs
No apparent function, residual parts of an ancestor

Slide 6 - Slide

Slide 7 - Slide

Slide 8 - Video

Phylogenetic tree

Slide 9 - Slide

Tips for reading trees
  • Same, but different style



  • Same, but turned at 
    branching point 

Slide 10 - Slide

Building a tree
Lamprey is the outgroup: most distantly related, starting point





Trait shared by the largest group
Parsimony: simplest solution is most likely

Slide 11 - Slide

Building a tree

Slide 12 - Slide

Did you achieve these Learning objectives
  • Read and create phylogenetic trees
  • Describe convergent and divergent evolution
  • Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures
  • Describe the significance of Comparative Anatomy Comparative embryology and Comparative Biochemistry as evidence of evolution.

Slide 13 - Slide

Work to be done

Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 507: Q 1-8 
Biozone 150 (IB 2014+) and worksheet on classification 
Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 507: Q 10-18,21-22 
Biozone 252, 254 
Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 508: Q 24-32 and 39-41 




Slide 14 - Slide

Slide 15 - Slide

The blue whale
1. What does this story tell you about evolution?
2. How do we know all this?
3. How fast does evolution go?

Slide 16 - Slide

Slide 17 - Video

The blue whale
1. What does this story tell you about evolution?
2. How do we know all this?
3. How fast does evolution go?

Slide 18 - Slide

Slide 19 - Slide

According to this tree, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?
A
amphibians
B
ray-finned fish
C
primates
D
birds

Slide 20 - Quiz

According to this tree, birds are LEAST closely related to which organism?
A
amphibians
B
ray-finned fish
C
primates
D
sharks

Slide 21 - Quiz

What is the most recent common ancestor of C and D?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4

Slide 22 - Quiz

Which type of evolution shows a common ancestor?

A
convergent
B
divergent
C
adaptive radiation
D
both adaptive radiation and divergent

Slide 23 - Quiz

In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they
A
have a common ancestor
B
live in the same environment
C
develop homologous structures
D
are closely related

Slide 24 - Quiz

Flying fish, flying birds, and bats are examples of which of the following?
A
convergent evolution & homologous structures
B
convergent evolution & analogous structures
C
divergent evolution & homologous structures
D
divergent evolution & analogous structures

Slide 25 - Quiz

Match the image to the evolution pattern
A
A=convergent B=divergent C=adaptive radiation
B
A=adaptive radiation B=convergent C=divergent
C
A=divergent B=convergent C=adaptive radiation
D
A=divergent B=adaptive radiation C=convergent

Slide 26 - Quiz

Slide 27 - Video

Question:
What is the evidence for evolution? Watch the video and write down the evidence they found that supports the theory of evolution.

Slide 28 - Slide

What is the evidence for evolution?
What kind of evidence can be found?

Slide 29 - Open question