Cell Structure and Function Review

• Biology
• 10th Grade

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane and its Properties

• The cell membrane separates the cell from its environment
• It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable

Learning Objectives

• Understand the internal structure of cells and the function of their organelles
• Comprehend the concept of cell membrane and its role in controlling what enters and exits the cell
• Recognize the importance of cell theory and its principles
• Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Cell Organelles and their Functions

• Cells have internal structures called organelles
• Organelles include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, centrosomes, centrioles, cell walls, and chloroplasts
• Each organelle performs specific functions within the cell

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

1. Transporting oxygen
2. Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
3. Storing water
4. Synthesizing DNA

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?

1. Golgi Apparatus
2. Nucleus
3. Mitochondria
4. Lysosome

What is the outermost layer of a cell called?

1. Cytoplasm
2. Nucleus
3. Cell membrane
4. Mitochondria

Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in a cell?

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Lysosome
4. Mitochondria

Which organelle is known as the 'control center' of the cell?

1. Ribosome
2. Vacuole
3. Nucleus
4. Chloroplast

Types of Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and their DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm
• Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
• Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms, while eukaryotic cells can be multicellular or unicellular

Which of the following is not a component of a prokaryotic cell?

1. Nucleus
2. Cell wall
3. Plasma membrane
4. Ribosome

Cell Theory and its Principles

• Cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

1. Cells can only be found in animals
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms
3. All living organisms are composed of cells
4. Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Definition List

• Cell Theory: A scientific theory stating that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells arise from pre-existing cells
• Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks like proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions
• Organelles: Structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell
• Prokaryotic cells: Single-celled organisms with no nucleus, and their DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm
• Eukaryotic cells: Cells that may be multicellular or unicellular, and contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Who was the scientist that proposed the cell theory?

1. Watson and Crick
2. Schleiden and Schwann
3. Mendel and Darwin
4. Einstein and Newton

Which statement is true regarding the cell theory?

1. It was formulated in the mid-19th century
2. It was proposed by a single scientist
3. It was discovered in the 21st century
4. It was widely accepted in ancient civilizations