Unit 209 Apply make-up Muscles, Bones, and Blood

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• Hair and Beauty
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Exploring the Face: Muscles, Bones, and Blood

What do you already know about the face’s muscles and bones?

Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson you will be able to identify the major muscles and bones of the face and skull.

Why Study Facial Anatomy?

Understanding facial muscles, bones, and blood helps us to learn about expressions, speech, chewing, and health.

Muscles of the Face: Overview

Facial muscles lie just beneath the skin, allowing movement and expression.

Function

These muscles control facial expressions, speaking, and basic functions like chewing.

Location

Key Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid

Runs from behind the ear down to the collarbone. Turns and nods the head.

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle run from?

A

Around the shoulder to the elbow

B

From the forehead to the chin

C

Across the back to the spine

D

Behind the ear to the collarbone

What movement does the sternocleidomastoid assist with?

A

Lifts the shoulders up

B

Flexes the lower back

C

Turns and nods the head

D

Raises the arms above the head

What is the location of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Runs to the hip joint

B

Ends at the wrist

C

Runs down to the collarbone

D

Starts at the shoulder

Key Muscle: Platysma

Thin sheet of muscle extending from the jaw down the neck. Helps move the lower jaw and tense the neck.

What is the primary function of the platysma?

A

Aids respiratory function

B

Supports the spine

C

Helps move the lower jaw

D

Tenses the neck

Where does the platysma extend from?

A

From the jaw

B

From the shoulder

C

Down the neck

D

Across the chest

Key Muscle: Buccinator

Forms the cheek wall. Assists in chewing by pushing food onto the teeth, and in blowing air.

What muscle forms the cheek wall?

A

Temporalis

B

Orbicularis oris

C

Masseter

D

Buccinator

What function does the Buccinator assist with?

A

Hearing

B

Breathing

C

Chewing food

D

Running

What action does the Buccinator help with?

A

Blowing air

B

Eating soup

C

Laughing

D

Singing

Orbicularis Oris & Oculi

Orbicularis oris: closes and puckers the lips. Orbicularis oculi: closes the eyelids.

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Closes the eyelids

B

Flattens the cheeks

C

Raises the eyebrows

D

Closes and puckers the lips

What does the orbicularis oculi do?

A

Closes the eyelids

B

Raises the mouth corners

C

Puckers the lips

D

Furrows the brow

Which muscle is responsible for lip movement?

A

Masseter

B

Orbicularis oris

C

Orbicularis oculi

D

Zygomaticus major

Other Facial Muscles

Frontalis raises eyebrows, Mentalis pushes up lower lip, Corrugator draws eyebrows together as in frowning.

What does the frontalis muscle do?

A

Pushes up lower lip

B

Raises eyebrows

C

Frowns

D

Draws eyebrows together

Which muscle pushes up the lower lip?

A

Frontalis

B

Mentalis

C

Corrugator

D

Orbicularis

What action does the corrugator perform?

A

Opens mouth

B

Pushes up lower lip

C

Raises eyebrows

D

Draws eyebrows together

Which muscle is involved in frowning?

A

Zygomaticus

B

Frontalis

C

Mentalis

D

Corrugator

Bones of the Skull: Introduction

The skull is formed by several bones protecting the brain and forming the face’s structure.

Major Skull Bones

Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Zygomatic (2), Mandible (1), Maxilla (2), Occipital (1), Nasal (2).

Facial Bones: Detail

Nasal: bridge of nose. Frontal: forehead. Parietal, temporal, occipital: back and sides of the skull.

Jaw and Cheek

Other Facial Bones

Mandible: lower jaw. Maxilla: upper jaw. Zygomatic: cheekbones.

Mandible: lower jaw

Maxilla: upper

What is the lower jaw called?

A

Zygomatic

B

Mandible

C

Nasal

D

Maxilla

What is the upper jaw known as?

A

Mandible

B

Palatine

C

Maxilla

D

Frontal

Which bone is not part of the jaw?

A

Temporal

B

Maxilla

C

Mandible

D

Zygomatic

Zygomatic: cheekbones

Frontal: forehead.

What are the cheekbones called?

A

Zygomatic

B

Frontal

C

Mandible

D

Maxilla

Which term refers to the forehead?

A

Temporal

B

Zygomatic

C

Frontal

D

Occipital

Which bone is not a cheekbone?

A

Zygomatic

B

Mandible

C

Frontal

D

Maxilla

Nasal: bridge of nose

Parietal

What is the nasal structure in humans?

A

Bridge of the nose

B

Maxilla

C

Parietal bone

D

Frontal bone

Which bone is not part of the nasal area?

A

Vomer

B

Nasal bone

C

Maxilla

D

Parietal bone

What does the nasal bridge connect?

A

Nose to chin

B

Nose to forehead

C

Forehead to cheek

D

Jaw to neck

Occipital: Base of skull

Temporal: sides of skull

Introduction to Blood Components

Blood transports oxygen and nutrients. Key components: red blood cells and white blood cells.

Summary: Face, Skull, and Blood

You have learned names and functions of key facial muscles, bones of the skull.

Write down 2 things you learned in this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

Session 2: The Blood

Learning objective

What do you already know about the Blood?

Cells in the Blood

Carry oxygen around the body. Give blood its red colour.

Defend the body against infection and disease.

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells

Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson you will be able to and describe the main components of blood.

Summary: Face, Skull, and Blood

You have learned names and functions of key facial muscles, bones of the skull, and the main blood cell types.