Par 5.1, 5.2 en par 6.

• Levensbeschouwing
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Par 4

Image of humanity of Rousseau and Hobbes 

Goals

You know what the images of mankind of Rousseau and Hobbes mean

What did we discuss last week?

Image of mankind:

-Descartes: The mind makes a human being human. Humans and animals differ because a human is a thinking being and an animal is not.

Image of mandkind of Rousseau

He lived during the Enlightenment (1712-1778).

Humans are naturally peaceful and good beings.

Youth: having plenty of freedom to develop.

Why do good people create a bad society?

Too many people: that forces cooperation; it leads to exploitation and to differences in possessions: a greedy being driven by a lust for power.

People are not made to live together with others.

You are enough on your own!

How should a child grow up?

• Protected from bad example behavior.
  
• Discover for yourself, gain experience, not blinded by book knowledge.
  
• Educators: don't impose, don't command, don't forbid, and don't punish.
  
• You must experience the consequences of mistakes yourself.
  
• Then you will become a peaceful and good person.

Image of mankind of Thomas Hobbes

He lived from 1588 to 1679.

Thought the opposite of Rousseau.

Man is by nature a boundless egoist who wants to rule over others.

Through an organized society in which punishment plays a major role, there is no war of all against all.

Without laws: great chaos: plundering, etc.

State of nature: a jungle in which the law of the strongest prevails.

Make it clear that if people want to live together, laws and agreements are necessary.

Nature/Nurture debate

Are human traits innate or learned?

Hobbes: nurture

Now, more on the perspective: learned.

Nietzsche: 

humans and animals are driven by instincts, desires, and feelings. A human being has lost all his instincts and is therefore a sick animal.