Chapter 4: Shaping landscapes




Chapter 4:

Shaping landscapes

  • Section 4.1.: types of exogenous forces & types of rocks
  • Section 4.2.: Weathering
  • Section 4.3.: Glaciers
  • Section 4.4.: Erosion by water (rivers and sea's)
  • Section 4.5.: sedimentation
  • Section 4.6.: Erosion by wind
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Slide 1: Slide
AardrijkskundeMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 2

This lesson contains 40 slides, with text slides and 13 videos.

Items in this lesson




Chapter 4:

Shaping landscapes

  • Section 4.1.: types of exogenous forces & types of rocks
  • Section 4.2.: Weathering
  • Section 4.3.: Glaciers
  • Section 4.4.: Erosion by water (rivers and sea's)
  • Section 4.5.: sedimentation
  • Section 4.6.: Erosion by wind

Slide 1 - Slide

Section 4.1.:

Learning goals:
- Describe which forces helped to shape places like Yellowstone National Park;
- Explain the difference between weathering and erosion;
- Explain the differences between rocks.
Endogenous forces are forces that shape our planet from the inside (e.g. volcanoes, earthquakes).

Exogenous force or process that changes our earth from the outside. 

Slide 2 - Slide

Three exogenous forces:
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition

Slide 3 - Slide

Slide 4 - Link

Three types of rocks
  • Igneous rocks: volcanic rocks consits of solidified magma or lava (igneous means burning);
  • Sedimentary rocks: from loose sediment that because of pressure became rock;
  • Metamorphic rock: used to be a igneous or sedimentary rock but changed (=metamorphed) because of pressure into a metamorphic rock

Slide 5 - Slide

Igneous rock
Basalt
Granite

Slide 6 - Slide

Sedimentary rocks
Limestone
Sandstone

Slide 7 - Slide

Metamorphic Rocks
Slate
Gneiss

Slide 8 - Slide

Rock cycle
Because of heat and pressure the type of rock can change.

Slide 9 - Slide

Section 4.2.:

Learning goals:
You will be able to:
  • Describe the three different types of weathering;
  • Explain which factors affect the weathering process;
  • Explain the effects of weathering on human activities.
When rocks are formed they will be break down in smaller fragments.
This breaking down under influence of temperature, precipitation and/or vegetation is called weathering.

Slide 10 - Slide

Slide 11 - Video

Three types of weathering:
  1. Physical weathering
  2. Chemical weathering
  3. Biological weathering.

Read the information on pages 84 and 85 of your textbook
Link the next statements with the type of weathering:
  • You need a lot of water;
  • Happens in warm climates;
  • Happens in cold climates;
  • The rocks only crumbles;
  • Not found in deserts;
  • Substance of the rock changes

Slide 12 - Slide

Slide 13 - Slide

Peltier diagram

Slide 14 - Slide

Slide 15 - Video

Section 4.3. Glaciers

Learning goals:
  • Desbribe and name the different components of glaciers and their landscapes;
  • Explain how glaciers formed landscapes
  • VWO: explain how glaciers formed parts of the Netherlands



Make a wordlist with all the different components of a glacier.

Slide 16 - Slide

Slide 17 - Video

Slide 18 - Video

Slide 19 - Slide

When the ice is gone the U-shaped valley with its hanging valleys becomes visible

Slide 20 - Slide

Ice in the Netherlands

Slide 21 - Slide

Section 4.4. Water and waves

Learning goals:
1. Explain how the Grand Canyon was formed. 
2. Compare and contrast erosion from rivers and the sea 
3. Explain solutions to stop coastal erosion.



Watch the movie and explain  in max 10 sentences in your own words how the Grand Canyon was formed.

Slide 22 - Slide

Slide 23 - Video

Slide 24 - Slide

Waterfalls
What do we need?
- Rocks with a different strength.

The overlaying harder rock doesn't erode as fast as the underlying softer rock.

Slide 25 - Slide

Slide 26 - Video

Slide 27 - Video

Slide 28 - Video

Slide 29 - Video

Section 4.5. Sediment deposition
1. Explain how rivers form deltas; 
2. Describe how the Mississippi delta landscape was affected by Hurricane Katrina;
3. Explain the Saffir-Simpson scale;
4. Explain what wetlands are and how they are formed;
5. Describe how the Dutch delta is protected from floodings.

If rivers flow through an area with less relief they will deposit the sediments and form a delta. Especially "flat" countries as the Netherlands are known for its deltas. 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a delta?

Slide 30 - Slide

Deposition
When the relief becomes less the river will deposit its sediments in the form a delta. The heavier the fragments the earlier the sediment will deposit, the leighter the later.

Order these sediments from heavy to leight:
Sand, pebble, clay, gravel

Slide 31 - Slide

Slide 32 - Slide

Slide 33 - Slide

Hurricanes (Saffir-Simpson scale)

Slide 34 - Slide

Slide 35 - Video

Hurricanes
Especially low land areas located near the tropics have a risk of getting to deal with hurricanes. 
- What could happen to these areas?
- Why do hurricanes only form near the tropics?
- What is the difference between a hurricane, cyclone and typhoon?
- How do we measure the force of hurricanes?

Slide 36 - Slide

Slide 37 - Video

Slide 38 - Video

Wetlands

Slide 39 - Slide

Slide 40 - Video