9.2.2 The SU under Stalin -TEACH-

9.2.2
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HistoryMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 27 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 5 videos.

Items in this lesson

9.2.2
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Slide 1 - Slide

solve the
rebus

Slide 2 - Open question

Lesson 9.2B
TOTALITARIAN STATE:

  • the type of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens. 
  •  This control is maintained through an extensive (secret) police network or through the army. 
  • art, science, politics, economics, religion, education and entertainment are all controlled by the state.

Slide 3 - Slide

9. The Time of World Wars
INTERBELLUM
9.2.2 The Soviet Union under Stalin

Slide 4 - Slide

people in this lesson
Joseph Stalin
dictator
Soviet Union
Vladimir Lenin
Communist leader
Soviet Union
Leon Trotsky
Stalin's rival
Soviet Union

Slide 5 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2 
1922: Lenin had won the Civil War. 

But he started the NEP (New Economic Policy)

  • What? NEP = going from communism  a bit back to capitalism.
  • small businesses were allowed again. Farmers could sell part of their            crops and keep the profit.
  • Why?  Civil war had caused famine.
  • Why? There was much opposition towards the new communist system.               Farmers chose to destroy their crops rather than give them to the  state.

Slide 6 - Slide

Slide 7 - Slide

Propaganda poster. The text says: ‘And Stalin raised us to be loyal to the people, inspired us to work and to deeds!’, Leonid Golovanov, 1949,

Slide 8 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
After Lenin's death in 1924 the new dictator was STALIN.
His plans:

A. Turn the S.U into a modern communist superpower:  
  1. Industry:                       Five-Year Plans
  2. Agriculture:                  Collectivisation
B. Turn the SU into a totalitarian state:
  1. Great Purge               kill all opponents
  2. Cult of Personality     use propaganda to lift his status to                                              superhuman hero

Slide 9 - Slide

Slide 10 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
A1. INDUSTRY: Five Year Plans. (1928 - '32), (1933 - '37).

What?
  • development of heavy industry - coal, oil, steel, electricity.
  • factories, dams, power-stations, whole new cities built.
  • Industries are given 5 year targets to meet.
  • appalling amount of industrial accidents
  • harsh penalties for failure & some rewards for success
  • targets are unrealistic & rarely met

Slide 11 - Slide

Propaganda poster: "we will achieve the Five Year plan in four years"

Slide 12 - Slide

Slide 13 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
Five Year Plans. 

Results?
  • good progress is made, but...
  • at terrible human cost 

Slide 14 - Slide

Slide 15 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
A2. AGRICULTURE: Collectivisation.

What?
  • Millions of tiny farms to be forcibly gathered into large state-run farms (= collective farms = "kolchoz")

  • Russian farming backward and inefficient
  • surplus grain used to buy modern machinery abroad for modern farming or to feed the population needed in the cities for industrial growth.

Slide 16 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
Collectivisation.

Results?

  • poorest peasants happy (steady job and wage)
  • richer farmers (kulaks) stood to lose, so resisted fiercely (burn crops, kill livestock). The state took the grain that was left.
  • famine; appr 7 million die.
  • kulaks seen as enemies, either killed or sent to work camps (Gulags)
  • collectivisation generally seen as a disaster.

Slide 17 - Slide

Slide 18 - Video

Slide 19 - Video

One death is a tragedy.
A million deaths is simply a statistic

Slide 20 - Slide

Lesson 9.2.2
B1. The Great Purge (1930s)
What?
  • Stalin's efforts to eliminate all opposition to his power.

  • Millions of "enemies of the state" were arrested, sent to gulags or executed.
  • show trials were held to give the impression of a fair justice system, but the outcome ("guilty") of these show trials was decided beforehand.
  • Enemies who were killed were also "erased from history"
  • Stalin even purged the Red Army, killing thousands of his own officers.

Slide 21 - Slide

0

Slide 22 - Video

Lesson 9.2.2
B2: the Cult of Personality
What?
  • a propaganda campaign to lift Stalin to the status of a demi god.

  • make people believe they owed everything to him and the communist party. Slogan: "thank you comrade Stalin"
How?
  • mass parades with people cheering Stalin
  • propaganda films, photos, posters
  • sculptures of Stalin everywhere.

Slide 23 - Slide

0

Slide 24 - Video

Slide 25 - Video

communism
capitalism
2. make the correct combinations
businesses are owned by the state
big difference between poor and rich
you work to make a profit for yourself
peasant must sell their crops to the state
the state controls the economy

Slide 26 - Drag question

congratulations
congratulations

Slide 27 - Slide