9.4 Illness (part 2)

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Schedule

Learning objectives

Video about defense

Questions about previous lesson

Instruction about:

• fever/high temperature
• immunity
• organ transplant

Work independently

End of class

Learning objectives

• You will learn about what makes you ill and how to fight pathogens.

• You will learn against which illnesses you are vaccinated and what happens during a transplantation.

True or false?
Any type of bacteria can make you sick.

1. True
2. False

True or false?
Viruses enter your cells

1. True
2. False

True or False?

Diseases caused by pathogens are called infectious illnesses.

1. True
2. False

Temperature increase and fever

Temp. increase: 37,5 - 38˚C

Fever: > 38˚C

Hypothalamus = piece of the brain below the cerebrum that controls body temperature, blood pressure, hunger and thirst

Temperature senses measure temperature and signal the hypothalamus.

White blood cells signal the hypothalamus when you are ill.

Why an increase in temperature?

Function:

• Blood flows faster, which means faster removal of waste products from pathogens.
• White blood cells produce antibodies more quickly.

Immunity

Active immunity = you make antibodies yourself

Passive immunity = you do not make antibodies yourself

Active immunization

Due to contamination with a pathogen

Memory cells = white blood cells that remain present after an infection

Active immunization

By vaccination with antigens

Vaccine = contains the antigens of the pathogen which makes you immune

E.g. vaccine against measles, rubella, polio.

2. Passive immunization

By an injection with antibodies

Suppose you are bitten by a poisonous or rabid animal.

Then you will receive a serum injection = with antibodies.

Your body does not make memory cells.

Donor organs

Chronic illness: never goes away (asthma, diabetes).

Organ transplantation = replacing a diseased organ with a donor organ.

Donor = Person from whom the organ comes.

Risk of organ rejection!

Preventing organ rejection

Organ rejection = the destruction of a donor organ by the patient's white blood cells.

Immune inhibitors = medicines that stop the immune system, reducing the risk of rejection of a donor organ

After 5 years, approximately 1/3 of the donor organs have been rejected.

Your body makes antibodies

1. Seruminjection
2. Vaccine

What?	Make: 9.4 assignments16 - 25
How?	In your book. You may whisper.
Help?	Raise your hand or ask your neighbour.
Time?	10 minutes
Finished?	Check your answers

Learning objectives

• You will learn about what makes you ill and how to fight pathogens.

• You will learn against which illnesses you are vaccinated and what happens during a transplantation.