5.1 Lords and vassals

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 1

5. Monks and knights

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

Time of monks and knights (500 - 1000)

In the white, you can see a helmet, as worn by knights. In the background you can see part of a monastery. Chivalry and the Christian church belong to the times of monks and knights.

Feniks, Geschiedenis Werkplaats, Memo, Saga

Tijd van Grieken en Romeinen

(500 v. Chr. - 500 n. Chr.)

Tijd van Monniken en Ridders

(500-1000)

(Vroege Middeleeuwen)

Tijd van Steden en Staten

(1000-1500)

(Late Middeleeuwen)

1492: Columbus 'ontdekt' Amerika

(Einde van de Middeleeuwen)

⚓️

476: Val van het West-Romeinse Rijk

(Begin van de Middeleeuwen)

🔥

Tijd van Ontdekkers en Hervormers

(1500-1600)

Tijd van Regenten en Vorsten

(1600-1700)

Tijd van Pruiken en Revoluties

(1700-1800)

In this chapter

• 5.1 Lords and vassals
• 
  
• 5.3 Powerful lords, semi-free farmers

To work

What? Make assignment 1 to 3 from the introduction (page 118)

How? In your workbook

Help? Teacher

Time? 15 minutes

Finished? Start on assignments 5.1 (assignment 1 to 4)

5.1 Lords and vassals

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

Write down causes for the end of the Western Roman empire.

Who was Charlemagne and how did he rule his empire?

Recap:

You can explain:

How Charlemagne became a powerful king and emperor of a large empire

How Charlemagne ruled his empire

Topics of today: 

                   Vikings

                    Castles

                    Knights

Charlemagne

Conquests of Charlemagne

Travelling government

• Charlemagne's empire was very large:

• To govern this, he wanted to be everywhere in his empire
  
• He often sent a messenger, but he also travelled a lot himself.
  
• But it was too slow and took a lot of time
  
• There had to be a better way...

McDonald's

The feudal system

• Charlemagne asked for help from the nobility
• He gave authority over a territory to nobleman
• The area remained Charlemagne's, but they were allowed to loan it.
• We call this the feudal system or feudalism

You could become a count or a duke:

• Count: The boss of a small area, a county. This was less important
• Duke: The boss of a large area, a duchy (e.g. Brabant). This was very important

Charlemagne

Was a powerful king: the vassals were loyal to him

The agreement

The lord

Keeps the territory, but loans it to a nobleman.

The vassal

May loan the territory and:

- Governs the area

- Speaks law in it

- Supplies soldiers for the lord

- May keep income from the territory

- Must be loyal to the feudal lord

The person who gives a territory in loan.

The person recieves a territory in loan.

Who does it belong to?
Has to supply soldiers

1. Lord
2. Vassal

Who does it belong to?
Allowed to speak the law

1. Lord
2. Vassal

Who does it belong to?
Gives a territory in loan

1. Lord
2. Vassal

Who does it belong to?
May keep the income of a territory

1. Lord
2. Vassal

What happened after Charlemagne died..?

5.1 Lords and vassals

Time of monks and knights, 500 - 1000

Success criteria

You can explain:

• How there was political division after Charlemegne's death
• Causes and consequences of insecurity in Europe
• What position knights had in society

Problems of the feudal system

• Many feudal lords pretended that the territory was their possession
• Some vassals started loaning their territory to small nobles.
• This created subvassals who ruled small territories
• As a result, the Frankish empire slowly fell apart

Put the names in the right place

Lord

Feudal system

Vassal

Subvassal

An unsafe time

• The lord often tried to recapture his territory
  
• Thus, lords and (disobedient) vassals waged war
  
• There were also robbers and invaders, such as the Vikings
• Nobles often protected themselves with a castle
  
• First wooden buildings, but later real castles

Power of nobles / vassals became hereditary: power went from father to son.

Vikings

Vikings

Very good fighters

Attacked and pillaged villages

People had to come up with ways to defend themselves!

Knights

• In the Middle Ages (500-1500), knights were the most powerful part of the armies in Europe
  
• The first knights were soldiers from the armies of the noblemen
  
• From 1100 onwards, only noblemen could become knights
  
• They had to behave chivalrously: brave, loyal and just.
  
• Monarchs organised tournaments in which knights could prove themselves

Knights wore helmets to protect themselves

on their bodies, knights wore iron armour

Knights fought on horseback

To work

What: Read p. 90 and 91 in your textbook, then make exercise 5, 6, 8 and 9 of paragraph 5.1 in your workbook

How: On page 120 of your workbook

Help: Your neighbour and teacher

Finished: Check answers