Direct & Indirect Speech

• English
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

I'm tired

I lived in

   Best

I know 

Tom

Direct & Indirect Speech 

Look at these 2 sentences

1) Daniel: "I am home."

2) Daniel said that he was home.

What differences do you see?

Differences

Daniel: "I am home."

• geef weer wat iemand letterlijk zegt
• Dit noemen wij de directe reden: Direct Speech
• Kenmerken: 
   1)  naam + dubbele punt :
   2) wat er gezegd wordt staat tussen aanhalingstekens: " "

Differences

Daniel said that he was home.

• Beschrijft wat iemand anders heeft gezegd
• Dit noemen wij de indirecte reden: Indirect Speech
• Kenmerken: 
   1) geen dubbele punt
   2) geen aanhalingstekens

Direct Speech vs Indirect Speech

Change into Indirect Speech: 4 steps 

1.   Identify the tense

2.  Change the pronouns

3.  Change the time expressions 

4.  Use a reporting verb (said, told, asked)

Direct Speech vs Indirect Speech

Tense changes

Examples

Daisy: "I am very tired." (present simple)

Daisy said (that) she was very tired. (past simple)

John: "I am walking the dog." (present continuous)

John said (that) he was walking the dog. (past continuous)

Pete: "I listened to music last night." (past simple)

Pete said (that) he had listened to music last night. (past perfect)

May: "We have lived in Druten for 6 years."

May told me(that) they had lived in Druten for 6 years. 

What else can change?

Tim: "We went here yesterday."

Tim said (that) they had gone there yesterday.

Jane: "There is an elephant outside my window!"

Jane said (that) there was an elephant outside her window. 

DIRECT or INDIRECT SPEECH:
Fenna: “I have got a toothache”.

1. DIRECT SPEECH
2. INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT or INDIRECT SPEECH:
Sara told me that she loves to play GTA.

1. DIRECT SPEECH
2. INDIRECT SPEECH

Turn into INDIRECT SPEECH:
He said, “I have got a toothache”.

1. He said that I had got a toothache.
2. He said that he has got a toothache.
3. He said that he had got a toothache.
4. he said that you have got a toothache

Turn into INDIRECT SPEECH:
She said to me, “You are my only friend.”

1. She told me that you were my only friend
2. She told you that I am her only friend.
3. She told me that she was my only friend.
4. She told me that I was her only friend.

Mike: "I have the flu."
Mike said (that) ....