UV - Van Gogh's enemy

UV: Van Gogh's enemy
What’s this lesson about?
Prevention is better than cure. In a museum, the staff make sure that the paintings are well protected. But even if everyone is really careful, danger is always lurking. Dust, for example, or damp, or... UV light.
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Slide 1: Slide
Design and technologyArt and design+1Primary EducationLower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

This lesson contains 16 slides, with interactive quiz, text slides and 1 video.

time-iconLesson duration is: 75 min

Introduction

Masterminds & Masterpieces – Using two of your own drawings, you’ll carry out an experiment to show the influence of UV light on works of art. Note: You’ll need at least a couple of weeks to complete this experiment. The lesson involves two parts – and a lot of patience. (Age 10 - 12)

Instructions

A curious, inquisitive attitude is required for the conservation and management of art and also for science and technology in general. This lesson is part of the Masterminds & Masterpieces series and makes use of the cross-curricular added value of inquiry-based learning (experimenting, trying out, looking, comparing, etc.). Masterminds & Masterpieces is a collaboration between the Van Gogh Museum and ASML.

Time indication
This lesson consists of two parts. The first part (around 45 min.) focuses on preparation for the experiment. In the second part (around 30 min.), the results are viewed and discussed. Please note that there need to be at least two weeks between the two parts of the lesson.

Materials
For each student:
  • 2 sheets of heavy-duty drawing paper
  • a sheet of thick paper or card (size: 1/2 of your drawing paper)
  • drawing pencil and felt-tip pens in at least 5 colours
  • paperclips
  • sunscreen spray
  • old newspapers
  • optional: writing paper or tablet
The lesson can also be done in pairs.

Extra preparation
If the students aren’t quite sure who Vincent van Gogh was, watch the video Who Was Van Gogh?

Variations
- This lesson can follow on from the lessons UV – Van Gogh’s friend (parts 1 and 2).
- The first part can be shortened by not asking the students to do a picture but instead to use a ruler and felt-tip pens to draw a number of lines in different colours on the paper.
- Would you prefer not to use sunscreen spray? Static and transparent UV resistant window film is a good alternative (online search term: ‘static UV-resistant film’)
- For students who can handle slightly more difficult material, the related lessons for higher-level students can be used.

Items in this lesson

UV: Van Gogh's enemy
What’s this lesson about?
Prevention is better than cure. In a museum, the staff make sure that the paintings are well protected. But even if everyone is really careful, danger is always lurking. Dust, for example, or damp, or... UV light.

Slide 1 - Slide

Use the hotspot to discuss the subject of the lesson.
Where do you think we are?
This is a very large microscope. You can use it to look at the picture’s layer of paint from very close up.
What kind of machine is this?
This is the Van Gogh Museum’s conservation studio. This is where paintings are examined and restored. Restoration means repairing something that’s damaged or old.
What is this woman’s job?
This woman is a conservator-restorer. A conservator-restorer examines and repairs things that are damaged or old. In this case, it’s a painting by Vincent van Gogh.

Slide 2 - Slide

Use the questions in this slide to activate the students’ previous knowledge and to encourage them to look closely at the photograph. The answers are in the hotspots beside each question. If necessary, you can emphasise the words in italics to help students develop their vocabulary.
The conservator-restorers at the Van Gogh Museum are like doctors, but for paintings. These ‘doctors’ examine and repair the paintings when necessary. This means that the paintings are kept in good condition and people can continue to enjoy them in the future.

Slide 3 - Slide

The hotspot contains a brief explanation of what a conservator-restorer is.
sunlight
Sunlight sends a lot of different colours to us, but we can’t see all of those colours with the naked eye. Like ultraviolet (UV) and infrared. We do see all the colours between them, though.
UV light
If you sit in the sunshine for too long without protection, you’ll get sunburn. It’s because of the UV light in the sun’s rays. They change the colour of your skin. And it’s painful! UV light is also harmful to paintings, but in a different way.

Slide 4 - Slide

You’ll find an explanation about sunlight and UV light under the hotspots.

Slide 5 - Video

Length: 3:41 min.
If the students have already completed the lesson UV – Van Gogh’s friend, they’ll be familiar with the video and this part can be skipped.
Paintings obviously don’t really ‘wilt’ like the one in the picture. Vincent knew that the older his paintings became, the greater the chance that they wouldn’t remain as beautiful. He compared this to flowers fading. Those were his own words.

Slide 6 - Slide

Have a brief discussion of the video and the cartoon afterwards.
Experiment

What does UV light do to your drawing?

Slide 7 - Slide

Tell the students that they’re now going to see the influence of UV light on art for themselves. The following slides contain the instructions, including a demonstration video.
This is what you need:

• 2 sheets of heavy-duty drawing paper
• a sheet of thick paper or card (size: 1/2 of your drawing paper)
• drawing pencil and felt-tip pens in at least 5 colours
• paperclips
• sunscreen spray
• old newspapers

Slide 8 - Slide

This item has no instructions

Watch the demonstration

Slide 9 - Slide

This item has no instructions

What are you going to do?
1. Make two drawings and colour them in with the pens.
You can also just trace over the pencil lines with colour, or draw with the pens straightaway.

Use lots and lots of colour.
Lines instead of drawings
Instead of drawing a picture, you can just draw horizontal lines. Use a ruler and pens in as many different colours as possible. Do this on two sheets of paper.

Slide 10 - Slide

The alternative exercise with lines can be found in the hotspot with the pencil.
What are you going to do?
2. Cover half of one drawing with heavy-duty paper or card. Secure it with paperclips.

3. Place a sheet of paper over half of your second drawing. Spray sunscreen over the other half.
Give it time to dry.

Slide 11 - Slide

This item has no instructions

What are you going to do?
4. Hang the drawings in a window that gets plenty of sun.

And then: be patient...

Wait at least 2 weeks in the summer – and even longer in the autumn, winter or spring!

Slide 12 - Slide

The differences in duration are connected to the varying intensity of the sunlight throughout the seasons.

What do you think is going to happen?
Which protection do you think will work best?
What differences do you expect to see?

Slide 13 - Open question

Ask the students to briefly describe their expectations.
Whole class: collect and write the answers on the digital whiteboard. Answers can also be sent to the interactive whiteboard by mobile phone (click on ‘devices in the classroom’ ).
Take a photograph of their predictions, or ask the students to write them down and keep them.
And now it’s time to wait!

Slide 14 - Slide

Decide when you’re going to take a look at the results of the experiment and put the date in your calendar. Note: Plan at least two weeks ahead, preferably longer.
....weeks later 
What do you see?
Answer these questions
  • Do you see any discoloration?
  • Is the discoloration equally bad for every colour? Which colour shows most/least discoloration?
  • What provides more protection: thick paper or sunscreen? Why do you think that is?
  • What would happen if the drawings were to spend longer in the sun?

Slide 15 - Slide

Write the number of weeks that have passed on the interactive whiteboard. After a brief review, ask the students to study their pictures and then to answer the questions in the hotspot individually or in pairs. (In pairs: also ask them to compare results.)
Group discussion after around 10 minutes.
And..?
Did you see the same results in Inssaf ’s experiment?
What was the same? What was different?

The same experiment can have different results.
Why do you think that is?

Slide 16 - Slide

Finally, watch the video and then discuss this using the questions in the hotspot.
Allow students to reach the conclusion that different circumstances can lead to different results. For example, using a different brand of marker pens, a different kind of paper, different sunscreen spray, or if the sun’s not as bright or you leave the work for a shorter period of time, etc.