Extraction of Metals

• Chemistry
• Secondary Education

TEMPLATE

Topic 7 - Metals

Extraction of Metals

18 November 2025

How do you feel today?

😒🙁😐🙂😃

TEMPLATE

• I will know how iron is extracted from haematite in the Blast furnace.
• I will understand why reduction, not electrolysis, is used to extract pure iron.
• I will be able to label a diagram showing how iron is extracted in a Blast furnace.

TEMPLATE

Where does iron come from?

How is pure iron produced?

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Where does iron come from?

How is pure iron produced?

Where does iron come from?

How is pure iron produced?

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Extraction Methods

native metals

extracted from ores by chemical processes

Which of the following is NOT an example of a metal compound found in rocks (ores)?

1. metal oxides
2. metal sulfides
3. metal carbonates
4. platinum

Iron is extracted from an iron ore called ______________.

1. bauxite
2. haematite
3. galena
4. gold

Aluminium is extracted from its ore called ______________.

1. bauxite
2. haematite
3. galena
4. gold

Lead is extracted from its ore called ______________.

1. bauxite
2. haematite
3. galena
4. pyrite

Which of the following raw materials contains the iron to be extracted?

1. slag (CaSiO₃)
2. limestone (CaCO₃)
3. coke (C)
4. haematite (Fe₂O₃)

Which of the following raw materials contains the carbon used to reduce the iron ore?

1. slag (CaSiO₃)
2. limestone (CaCO₃)
3. coke (C)
4. haematite (Fe₂O₃)

Which of the following raw materials provides oxygen to burn the carbon, which also heats the Blast Furnace?

1. air
2. limestone (CaCO₃)
3. coke (C)
4. haematite (Fe₂O₃)

Which of the following raw materials removes the impurities (sand) in the iron ore by reacting to form slag, which floats on the molten iron?

1. slag (CaSiO₃)
2. limestone (CaCO₃)
3. coke (C)
4. haematite (Fe₂O₃)

TEMPLATE

Extraction of Iron from Haematite through Reduction by Carbon

STEP 1: 

The carbon in the coke is oxidised by the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide. This exothermic reaction heats the blast furnace.

TEMPLATE

Extraction of Iron from Haematite through Reduction by Carbon

STEP 2: 

The carbon dioxide reacts with more carbon to form the reducing agent, carbon

monoxide.

TEMPLATE

Extraction of Iron from Haematite through Reduction by Carbon

STEP 3: 

The carbon monoxide then reduces the iron oxide in the iron ore to iron.

TEMPLATE

Extraction of Iron from Haematite through Reduction by Carbon

STEP 3: 

Meanwhile, the calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed to calcium oxide. This is a base that neutralises the sandy impurities (silicon dioxide, an acidic, non-metallic oxide) to form calcium silicate.

Calcium silicate is a waste product, but it can be used for road surfacing. Which of the following is another name for
calcium silicate?

1. slag
2. pig iron
3. carbon dioxide
4. haematite

Which of the following does NOT come out of the Blast Furnace?

1. slag
2. molten iron
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen and carbon dioxide

TEMPLATE

Topic 7 - Metals

Extraction of Metals

18 November 2025

TEMPLATE

• I will know how aluminium is extracted from bauxite through electrolysis.
• I will understand why cryolite is added to the electrolyte, aluminium oxide.
• I will be able to label a diagram showing how aluminium is extracted through electrolysis.

TEMPLATE

What method would you carry out if you want to extract aluminium from an ore?

Work in pairs:

Do Activity 6 - Extraction of aluminium in your LAP sheets (Question 8)

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Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite through Electrolysis

bauxite (aluminium oxide)

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Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite through Electrolysis

cathode half-reaction:

Al ³⁺(l) + 3e⁻ → Al (l)

anode half-reaction:

2O²⁻(l) → O₂(g)  + 4e⁻

O₂(g) + C → CO₂(g)

Why is cryolite used during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis?

1. It is a catalyst for the reaction.
2. It lowers the melting point of the electrolyte.
3. It protects the anodes.
4. It separates the aluminium from the electrolyte.

What causes aluminium to be 

resistant to corrosion?

1. unreactivity
2. tough layer of aluminium oxide
3. moisture
4. oxygen gas

TEMPLATE

Work in pairs:

Do Activity 6 - Extraction of aluminium in your LAP sheets (Questions 1-7, 9)

TEMPLATE

• I will know how aluminium is extracted from bauxite through electrolysis.
• I will understand why cryolite is added to the electrolyte, aluminium oxide.
• I will be able to label a diagram showing how aluminium is extracted through electrolysis.

How well did you participate 

in the lesson today?

05

TEMPLATE

Work in small groups:

Arrange the steps in the correct sequence (The chemistry of extracting iron from haematite)

TEMPLATE

• I will know how iron is extracted from haematite in the Blast furnace.
• I will understand why reduction, not electrolysis, is used to extract pure iron.
• I will be able to label a diagram showing how iron is extracted in a Blast furnace.

TEMPLATE

Work in pairs:

Do Activity 5 - Extraction of iron in your LAP sheets (Questions 1 to 10)