War and warfare culture prescribed battles revision

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• Classical Civilisation
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• GCSE

War and Warfare

2.6 Prescribed Battles: Revision

Who were Leonidas and Xerxes?

Give two reasons for the Battle of Thermopylae.

kleos (glory): essentially glorious reputation. In other words, the hero will be well spoken of and their memory will live on long after they have died

timē (honour): Homeric heroes win honour by being awarded highly valued possessions as trophies of excellence e.g. enemy’s armour or treasure from a conquered city

aidos (shame/respect) – the idea that people around you show you respect and choose to give you the trophies, but ‘shame’ being showing humility and respect in the face of someone with great timē

Name three differences between Greek and Persian equipment.

What were the benefits of the location of the battle for the Greek army?

How did the Spartans trick the Persians on day 2 of the battle?

Helped by Athene

Wounds Aphrodite

Wants to go at Apollo, despite Athene telling him not to

Why did the Greeks eventually lose the battle?

Why did the battle of Thermopylae become so legendary in Sparta, even though it was a defeat?

Xenia with Diomedes

Who were Eurybiades and Themistocles?

What had just happened in Athens before the Battle of Salamis, and where did the inhabitants go?

What prophecy did the Greeks receive from the Delphic Oracle? (Do not include the meaning yet)

Who interpreted the prophecy correctly and what was their interpretation?

Give two other ways Themistocles helped the Greeks win at Salamis.

Give two things Artemisia did to help the Persians.

Give one long-term impact of the Battle of Salamis.

Who were the leaders on either side in the Battle of Actium?

What was the cause of the rivalry between Mark Antony and Octavian?

Give two ways Antony and Cleopatra's poor leadership led to them losing the Battle of Actium.

Name two ways Octavian and Agrippa's tactics led to their victory at the Battle of Actium.

What did Octavian do shortly after the battle which strengthened his forces?

Give two long-term impacts of the Battle of Actium.

Name 2 reasons the Romans distrusted Decebalus.

Give two things that might have motivated Trajan to invade and conquer Dacia.

What was the outcome of Trajan's campaigns and what happened to Decebalus?

Give two ways Rome benefitted from conquering the Dacians.

What are the two prescribed sources for Trajan's campaigns, and why should we be careful when using them as evidence?

Give three ways you can identify the Dacians in the sources.

Give two activities the Romans are often shown doing on Trajan's column.