Herhaling hoofdstuk 5

Revision chapter 5
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time-iconLesson duration is: 50 min

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Revision chapter 5

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Congress of Vienna

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Europe after 1815
* France to powerfull
* Congress of Vienna
* 3 dicisions

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1. Reversed democratic reforms
* Restauration
* Europe turned back to the politico-administrative situation from before the French Revolution
* Kings

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2. Surrounding France with powerful countries

* The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg merged together
* Prussia strengthened

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3. Monarchs agreed to help each other in combating revolutionary ideas.

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Nationalism

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Nationalism
* Feeling more and more as if they belonged to a people or a nation
* Own language, culture and history

Love for your own people

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Political consequences
* Every nation own state
* Rebellions and wars
* Italy and Germany arose

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Militairy consequences
* Wanted to be the strongest
* Militarism
* War
* In favour of the army, weapons and military discipline

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Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands 

* North -> Protestants and spoke Dutch
* South -> Catholic and spoke French

* Unity-> One language and increase Protestats influence

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Result
* Belgian Nation
* Rebellion against William I
* Own state and king
* 1831 war
* 1839 Won -> Help France

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Modern Imperialism

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Modern Imperialism
* 19th century
* Competition who can conquer the most areas in Asia and Africa

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4 Causes of modern imperialism

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1. Economically advantageous
* Needed raw materials
* Markets -> sell their products

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2. Increasingly easy to conquer and govern colonies

* Better weapons
* Distance less of a problem -> connections faster and more reliable

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3. An empire gave prestige and power

* People thought that an 'important' nation deserved a large overseas territory

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4. Feeling of superiority
* Europeans felt they were better 
* The right to rule other nations

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Administration of the Dutch East Indies

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Administration of the Dutch East Indies
* Too few Dutch administrators
* Indirect rule
- Governor-general-> assisted by Dutch officials
- Local princes -> Controlled by the Dutch

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Divide and rule policy
* Favoured some native princes
* Prevent princes from joining forces
* Prevent revolts

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Cultivation system

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Cultivation system
* Profitable -> Exploitation
* 20% land must grow coffee, tobacco or sugar

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Results cultivation system
* Profit
* Starving
* Unhappy businessmen  -> no companies in the Dutch East Indies

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Free labour
* 1870 cultivation system abolished
* Businessmen could start their own buisness
* Local wage labourers -> buy European products

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Changes after 1900
* Well-being of the population
* Hospitals and infrastructure
* Civilize -> schools
* Ethical politics

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The scramble for Africa

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The scramble for Africa
* Asia already colonized
* Belgium, Germany and Italy emerged -> Wanted empires
* Competition to get the most colonies in Africa
* 1880 till 1914

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Take over territory
* Agreements with African rulers
* Unclear borders
* Tension

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Berlin Conference

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Berlin Conference
* Germany organized
* European countries
* Divide Africa
* Rule: area could only be claimed -> occupied by an army

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Consequences dividing Africa
1. 1914 almost all of Africa was ruled by Europeans
2. Borders were illogical for Africans
3. The African economy became subordinate to the European economy.
 - Raw materials
- Market for European products
4. African culture replaced by Western ideas

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