9.1.1 The Armed Peace -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

9.1: World War 1: The Armed Peace

9. The Time of World Wars

What do you know about World War 1?
(1 term answers)

Erich Maria Remarque

people in this lesson

Wilhelm II

emperor

German Empire

Franz Joseph II

emperor

Austria-Hungary

von Schlieffen

general

German Empire

name an invention that we have today,
but wasn't invented in 1910 yet.

name an invention that existed in 1910,
but wasn't invented in 1810 yet.

New technology around 1900

car 1897

airplane 1903

film 1895

color photography 1907

telephone 1876

radio 1895

Paris during the Belle Epoque. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1887 - '89

the 

Belle Epoch

Constructing the Eiffel Tower (1887)

Nightlife in Paris. During the Belle Époque, Paris was the cultural heart of Europe. Painting by Henri Gerveux, 1909.

Factory around 1900

Age 9: The Time of World Wars

1900 - 1950

1. WW1  and  the Interbellum
2. Totalitarian ideologies: communism, fascism and National-Socialism
3. WW2 and the occupation of the Netherlands
4. Racism and discrimination leading to genocide in the Holocaust

Typical Aspects:

AGE 9 has the following subjects:

• 9.1: World War 1: 1914 - 1918
• 9.2: the Interbellum: 1918 - 1939
• 9.3: World War 2: 1939 - 1945

AGE 9 has the following subjects:

• 9.1: World War 1: 1914 - 1918
• 9.2: the Interbellum: 1918 - 1939
• 9.3: World War 2: 1939 - 1945

(All 3 subjects are sub divided into different lessons: 9.1.1, 9.1.2 9.1.3, etc.)

Lesson 9.1.1 The Armed Peace

• World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918.
• At the time it was called "The Great War".

Causes: 

• more than one
• further back in time

Direct cause:

• only one
• the event that triggers the start of the war

Causes of WW1

Causes of WW1

• M = Militarism (+ arms race)

• A = Alliances

• I = Imperialism

• N = Nationalism

MAIN

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

1. Militarism

Causes of WW1

Emperor Wilhelm II with the Navy flag, eagle, sword and crown, and a warship in the background. German postcard, dated 1910.

Anglo-German

rivalry

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

1. Militarism

• - Anglo-German naval rivalry
• - pride in own army
• - growing armies in European countries

Causes of WW1

2. Alliances

    Two main alliances + their most important members:

                                

Causes of WW1

Alliance 

1

Alliance 

2

World War 1 was actually a war between two groups of countries.

Which of these countries do you think fought each other?

Netherlands

France

Germany

Spain

Great Britain

Austria-Hungary

Turkey / Ottoman Empire

Russia

USA

Poland

Greece

2. Alliances

    Two main alliances + their most important members:

• the Centrals:  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey.
• the Allies:       Great Britain, France, Russia  (later: USA)  

                                

Causes of WW1

In your handout, under the map, make a legend based on the legend in this map.

Color the borders of the following countries, according to your legend:

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Turkey
• Netherlands
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia

Finish the map in your notebook.

Write under the map:

At the beginning of WW1:

Triple Entente          the ALLIES

Triple Alliance          the CENTRAL POWERS

Bulgaria and Turkey joined the Central Powers

Italy switches sides and joined the Allies (1915).

 

In the map:

1. Shade (arceer) the countries Bulgaria and Turkey in the same color that you gave the Triple Alliance countries.
2. Shade Italy with the color of the Triple Entente countries.

 

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

3. Imperialism

Causes of WW1

"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

3. Imperialism

• Scramble for Africa.
• Germany felt left behind, wanted its "place in the sun".

Causes of WW1

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

4. Nationalism

Causes of WW1

Humiliating the French in 1871:

German emperor Wilhelm I is crowned 

in the French palace of Versailles...

‘Balkan Troubles’. The heads of the European empires sitting on a tinder box. Political cartoon in a British magazine, 1912.

Causes: 

M.A.I.N.

4. Nationalism

• French feelings of revenge after the lost war of 1871.
• Nationalistic feelings in the nations within the Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Generally: most nations felt superior towards others

Causes of WW1

21. Study the source.
Why was the Balkan area known as the
powder keg of Europe?
Use an element of the source in your answer.

general Alfred von Schlieffen

congratulations

congratulations

The Alliances

summarizing the Alliances and their ambitions and concerns

Need to learn for the test!

• democratic monarchy
• colonial empire where "the sun never sets"
  
• largest navy (needed to protect the empire)
  
• does not want Germany to build a larger navy

1. Great Britain

The Allies

• democratic republic
• lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871 
  
• wants revenge
• fears growing military power of Germany

2. France

The Allies

• absolute monarchy (emperor Nicholas II)
• large, but backward country (90% peasants)
  
• no modern industry

3. Russia

The Allies

• absolute monarchy (emperor Wilhelm II)
• only one state since the unification of 1871
• wants "it's place under the sun" (= colonies)
  
• modern industry
• largest army
• wants to build larger fleet than Britain

1. Germany

The central Powers

• absolute monarchy (emperor Franz Joseph)
• internal problems (multi-ethnic state)
• no modern industry, no colonies
  
• has annexed (= conquered) Bosnia

2. Austria-Hungary

The central Powers

• an empire in decline 
• had lost much territory on the Balkans

3. Ottoman Empire

The central Powers

• Only joined the Central Powers during WW1 (1915)
• had a score to settle with Serbia

4. Bulgaria

The central Powers

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
  
• examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.
  

• a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
  
• examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best. 

• nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.

• Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.
  

Siemens vacuum cleaner, 1906

?

www.britannica.com