Les 7 - Samenvattingsles

Summary
I will summarize the things you need to know for the test!
1 / 44
next
Slide 1: Slide
AardrijkskundeMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 2

This lesson contains 44 slides, with text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 45 min

Items in this lesson

Summary
I will summarize the things you need to know for the test!

Slide 1 - Slide

Learning goals
  • which layers the earth is made of
  • that movement of the mantle causes the crust to break and move as well
  • How the earth used to have a supercontinent

Slide 2 - Slide

Learning goals
  • You know that plates move
  • You understand that colliding plates can lead to the formation of mountains, earthquakes, tsunami's and volcanoes
  • You can point to areas on a map which are most likely to have earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami's and mountain formation


Slide 3 - Slide

Key words - 1.1
Three layers of the earth
  1. Core: the centre of the earth
  2. Mantle: Slowmoving magma between the crust and the core
  3. Crust: The thin outer layer of the earth
Plate - A piece of the earths crust
Plate tectonics - Movement of the earths crust
Supercontinent - This is what it is called when all plates moved together to form one giant continent
Convection current (convectie stroming) - syrupy material that flows very slowly and makes the crust move. 


Slide 4 - Slide

Slide 5 - Slide

Slide 6 - Slide

Slide 7 - Slide

Slide 8 - Slide

Plate tectonics
The movement of the earth's crust
  • This leads to formation of mountains
  • Volcanism
  • Earthquakes

Slide 9 - Slide

Slide 10 - Slide

Slide 11 - Slide

Plate boundaries
  • Some move towards each other 
(Convergent)
  • Others move away from each other
(Divergent)
  • Others move alongside each other
(Transform)

Slide 12 - Slide

3 types of convergent plate boundaries
  • Oceanic - continental boundary
  • Oceanic - oceanic boundary
  • Continental - continental boundary

Slide 13 - Slide

Oceanic - oceanic boundary
  • Same story
  • Heaviest plate subducts -> Rule: Older = heavier
  • Mountains and volcanoes form under water

Slide 14 - Slide

Continental - continental boundary
Less subduction -> less vulcanism
High mountains form -> for instance Himalaya
Fold mountains

Slide 15 - Slide

Oceanic - continental boundary
  • The heavy oceanic plate dives under the lighter continental plate, a process called subduction (subductie)
  • The collision can form mountains
  • The melting of the oceanic plate causes vulcanism


Slide 16 - Slide

Key words §1.2
Earthquake - Vibration caused by a sudden movement of the earths crust
Epicentre - The point on the earths crust where the earthquake is the strongest
Magnitude - The power of an earthquake measured on the Richter scale
Richter scale - Scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Plate tectonics - movement of the earths crust

Slide 17 - Slide

Learning goals
  1. You know what an earthquake is and what the consequences can be.
  2. You understand how earthquakes form

Slide 18 - Slide

Earthquake
  • Vibration caused by a sudden movement of the earths crust
  • Why is it sudden?
  • A little experiment

Slide 19 - Slide

Slide 20 - Slide

Plate boundaries
  • Some move towards each other 
(Convergent)
  • Others move away from each other
(Divergent)
  • Others move alongside each other
(Transform)

Slide 21 - Slide

Where do earthquakes form?
Convergent plates -> Heaviest earthquakes
Transform plates -> Heavy earthquakes
Divergent plates -> Mild earthquakes

Slide 22 - Slide

Key words §1.3
Magma - Liquid rock in the earths mantle
Lava - Liquid rock from the earths mantle that comes out of the crater of a volcano
Crater - The place where magma flows out a volcano and turns into lava
Volcano - Place where liquid magma flows out from the earths mantle
Mid-ocean ridge - A place in the middle of an ocean where plates move apart and magma comes flowing out.

Stratovolcano - Coneshaped volcano with thick lava and explosive eruptions
Shieldvolcano - Relatively flat volcano with thinner lava and effusive eruptions

Slide 23 - Slide

Learning objectives
  1. You know what a volcano is and what the consequences of volcanic eruptions can be
  2. You understand how, and where volcanoes are formed 
  3. You understand why the consequences for people in poor countries differ from the consequences for people in rich countries.

Slide 24 - Slide

learning objectives
  • You understand the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano
  • You understand how these volcanoes are formed
  • You know the difference between explosive and effusive eruptions

Slide 25 - Slide

Slide 26 - Slide

Mid-ocean ridge
This type of volcano froms when two oceanic plates move away from each other. This is what we call divergent plate movement. These volcanoes are usually quite calm, because the lava flowing out is not blocked by anything.
Magma
The liquid rock in the mantle is called magma
Subduction
Subduction happens when an oceanic plate dives below another plate. The plate that dives into the mantle melts and causes magma to start flowing up. This is what causes vulcanism.
Lava
As soon as the magma is outside the volcano it is called lava. 
Volcano
This is a volcano. A coneshaped mountain that can erupt and can have lava flowing out. When a volcano is formed by subduction the eruptions can be explosive, because the crater can get blocked by lava solidifying (stollen) in the crater.
Crater
The place where the magma leaves the volcano is called the crater
Trench
Depression of the sea floor. Occurs at subduction zones. Some trenches can be extremly deep. The Mariana Trench in Asia is at points 11 km deep.  That means that the Mount Everest could fit inside the Mariana Trench with more than 2 kilometers to spare.

Slide 27 - Slide

Reasons to live near a volcano
  1. A good place for generating geo-thermal energy

Slide 28 - Slide

Reasons to live near a volcano
  1. A good place for generating geo-thermal energy
  2. The ground is fertile

Slide 29 - Slide

Reasons to live near a volcano
  1. A good place for generating geo-thermal energy
  2. The ground is fertile
  3. It is good for tourism

Slide 30 - Slide

Reasons to live near a volcano
  1. A good place for generating geo-thermal energy
  2. The ground is fertile
  3. It is good for tourism
  4. Cultural reasons
  5. lack of money for moving

Slide 31 - Slide

Consequences of volcanic eruptions
  • Ash clouds
  • lavastreams
  • Debris being tossed around
  • Pyroclasic flow

Slide 32 - Slide

Consequences of volcanic eruptions
  • Ash clouds
  • lavastreams
  • Debris being tossed around
  • Pyroclasic flow

Slide 33 - Slide

Consequences of volcanic eruptions
  • Ash clouds
  • lavastreams
  • Debris being tossed around
  • Pyroclasic flow

Slide 34 - Slide

Different volcanoes
Video 1: Stratovolcano
cone shaped
Thick lava
Dangerous eruptions, explosive

Video 2: Shieldvolcano
Flat volcano
Thin lava
People can come close, effusive

Slide 35 - Slide

Different eruptions
Thick lava
Closed crater -> Explosive eruption
High cone shaped volcano

Thin lava
Open crater -> Effusive eruption
relatively flat volcano

Slide 36 - Slide

Learning objectives §1.4
  • You know what a tsunami is
  • You know how a tsunami becomes as big as it does
  • You know why a tsunami affects people in poor countries different from people in rich countries

Slide 37 - Slide

Key words §1.4
  • Trench (trog) – Depression of the sea floor. Occurs at subduction zones. 
  • Tsunami (tsunami) – Big tidal wave that forms due to an earthquake at the bottom of the sea.

Slide 38 - Slide

Slide 39 - Slide

Tsunami creation 101
On the ocean the wave is low, but long and fast. Like this car.

Slide 40 - Slide

Tsunami creation 101
Once it hits the shore the wave slows down rapidly at the front. Just like this car crashing into it.

Slide 41 - Slide

Tsunami creation 101
The back of the car, however, is still moving quite fast.

Slide 42 - Slide

Tsunami creation 101
This causes a massive tidal wave
or crash in the case of the car

Slide 43 - Slide

Slide 44 - Slide