2.3 Muscles

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

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2.3 Muscles

Learning objectives

• You will learn how your muscles are constructed, how they cooperate, and about the different kinds of muscles.

What are the heaviest muscles of the body according to you?

1. Your arm flexors
2. Muscles that form your buttocks (bilspieren)
3. Your calf muscles (kuitspieren)

The picture shows a piece of bacon.
Which part is muscular tissue and which part is fatty tissue?

1. The white part is muscular tissue and the red part is fatty tissue.
2. The white part is fatty tissue and the red part is muscular tissue.

Muscular system

Muscle fibres (spiervezels) = cells in muscles.

Bundle of muscles (spierbundel) = a group of muscle fibres

Tendons (pezen) = The end of a muscle where the bundles have grown together.

Muscle fibers shorten when muscles contract (samentrekken)

Bend en stretch

Antagonists (antagonisten) = muscles that allow an opposite movement (like the biceps and triceps).

Other muscles

A baseball pitcher may use four muscles!

Trapezius muscle (monnikskapspier)

Deltoid muscle (deltaspier) 

Pectoral muscle (borstspier)

Dorsal muscle (rugspier)

Two types of muscles

Involuntary muscles = Contract without thinking about it or controlling it.

(muscles of hairs, heart etc.)

Voluntary muscles = You can decide if they contract or not.

(skeletal muscles)

The heart

The heart is a big hollow muscle, filled with blood.

Pumps blood through your blood vessels.

Muscles in the digestive system

Oesophagus (slokdarm)

Stomach (maag)

Intestines (darmen)

Circular muscles and longitudinal muscles 

How do you call two muscles with an opposite movement?

What?	Option 1: Make 2.3 assignments 3,4, 7-14 Option 2: Do you find this a difficult paragraph? Make assignments 3-6, 8-13
How?	In your book. You may talk (English) in a whisper and help each other.
Help?	Consult with your neighbour first. Raise your hand if you need help.
Time?	15 minutes
Finished?	Check your answers with the solutions in Teams (on your laptop).
Output	You've finished and corrected your homework! Now you know more about muscles!

Learning objectives

• You will learn how your muscles are constructed, how they cooperate, and about the different kinds of muscles.

Let's end the lesson together!

• Don't pack your bags yet!
• Stay seated until the bell rings!
• Don't forget to push your chair under the table.