Breathe in... and out paragraph 3: Like a pair of bellows

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Breathe in... and out

Ways of breathing

Respiratory muscles

- Chest breathing: intercostal muscles.

- Abdominal breathing: diaphragm.

2 muscles involved in breathing:

- intercostal muscles

- diaphragm

Breathing in (inhalation)

-Intercostal muscles - contract

-Diaphragm muscles -  contract

-Increases volume of thorax

- Pressure thorax decreases

- External air pressure is greater

  air moves inside

Breathing out (exhalation)

-Intercostal muscles - relax

-Diaphragm muscles - relax

-Decrease volume of thorax

- Pressure thorax increases

- Internal pressure is greater
   air forced out

Two ways of breathing

Inhalation and exhalation

Thoracic breathing                                            abdominal breathing

Thoracic inhalation:

1. Intercostal muscles contract
2. Ribs move upward and forward
3. Chest becomes bigger
4. Lungs become bigger
   
5. air is sucked into the lungs

Thoracic exhalation:

1. Intercostal muscles relax
2. Ribs move downward and backward
3. Chest becomes smaller
4. Lungs become smaller
   
5. Air is pushed out of the lungs

Abdominal inhalation:

1. Abdominal muscles contract
2. The diaphragm contracts and moves down
3. Chest becomes bigger
4. Lungs become bigger
   
5. Air is sucked into the lungs

Abdominal exhalation:

1. Abdominal muscles relax
2. The diaphragm moves up
3. Chest becomes smaller
4. Lungs become smaller
   
5. Air is pushed out of the lungs

Recap: diaphragmatic breathing

THORACIC INHALATION

THORACIC EXHALATION

ABDOMINAL INHALATION

ABDOMINAL EXHALATION

intercostal muscles contract

intercostal muscles relax

diaphragm relaxes

diaphragm contracts

chest becomes smaller

the diaphragm moves up

chest becomes bigger

This way of breathing is:... ?

Diaphragmatic breathing is used during / in...

1. your sleep and while resting
2. action
3. both
4. neither

This way of breathing is:...

Chest breathing is used during / in

1. your sleep and while resting
2. action
3. both
4. neither

Healthy airways

Today's lesson:

1. Asthma and COPD

2. Hay fever

3. Allergy

COPD

Hay fever/asthmatic attack

Hay fever

Notes:

1. Caused by pollen (stuifmeel) from flowers

2. Pollen sticks to mucous lining

3. Symptoms: burning and itchy nose, throat, eyes

Smoking

Healthy

Smoking

Cigarettes

Sigaretten zijn in Nederland het populairste rookmiddel.

Ways of smoking

Vapes

Een vape (of een e-cigarette) is een electronische variant van de sigaret. 

Weed

Een jointje is een sigaret met daarin óók een vorm van cannabis (bijvoorbeeld hasj of wiet). 

Shisha

Een shisha of waterpijp gebruik je om tabak met een smaakje te roken. In grote steden zie je best vaak 'shisha-lounges'. Speciale barren waar je shisha kunt roken.

Do you think smoking should be banned?

spirometer

measures long volume, but which one?

tidal volume: volume of air you breathe in or out

vital capacity: when you exhale as much as you can

residual volume: what's left after you exhale as much as you can

lung volume: vital + residual volume