Humanism

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Humanism

Humanism was a(n)

1. religious movement
2. scientific movement
3. artistic movement
4. intellectual movement

Which statement is correct?

1. New ideas are formulated before the European society takes these into action.
2. First, there is a change in society (action) and after this, philosophers study these new ideas.

What's the main difference between the medieval society and humanism?

What started humanism?

1. Doubts about God and religion
2. The availability of ancient texts
3. New study methods

The consequence of this new interest in Roman and Greek texts was: (2)

1. growth of education outside of the Church
2. people started to speak Latin and Greek in daily conversations
3. people became inspired by ancient ideas and knowledge
4. changes in goverment (inspired by ancient ideas)

Who was not always happy with the development of humanism?

1. Kings
2. Catholic Church
3. Civilians (no chance at education)
4. The Ottomans

What was the ultimate goal of humanists?

1. Explaining how the world works, using ancient knowledge
2. Criticizing the Church to show how ridiculous religion is
3. Change the way people think about the medieval society

What was the "nickname" of Petrarch?

Why was Petrarch so important? (3)

Petrarch's letter is a...

1. primary source
2. secondary source

What is the gift that Petrarch is talking about?

1. a rare gift
2. a river of Greek
3. the work of Homer
4. a pure language

Why is this a gift?

1. The text was lost after the fall of the WRE, has been rediscovered now
2. In the West, only a few works of Homer survived
3. It's the original version of the text by Homer
4. It's the only text of Homer that survived

What were the problems with the earlier texts?

1. There were only bad translations in the West
2. The texts were incomplete
3. No Roman texts in the West survided prior this rediscovery of Homer's text
4. They didn't understand the Latin texts

Why is it a problem that earlier translations weren't that accurate?(2)

1. Idea about life in Antiquity changed
2. It's not the original message anymore
3. Many spelling mistakes, making them incomprehensible
4. Copiists added their own opinions to it

Why did Petrarch research the ancient writers and philosophers so much?

1. They were very good writers: as an example
2. He wanted to use their knowledge to change his own society
3. Those texts were much more interesting than the writings in his own time
4. Studying Roman texts develops the mind

What is the big difference between Petrarch and Valla?

The medieval view on mankind is called...

1. anthropocentrism
2. heliocentrism
3. geocentrism
4. theocentrism

The humanist view on mankind is called...

1. anthropocentrism
2. heliocentrism
3. geocentrism
4. theocentrism

What is the difference between mankind and God's other creations?

1. Mankind has a fixed habitat
2. Animals can change their surroundings to fill their needs
3. Mankind has more limitations
4. Mankind has more possibilities and potential

Is this an optimistic or pessimistic view?

1. optimistic
2. pessimistic

Why is this an optimistic view on mankind?

1. Mankind is smarter than the other animals
2. Mankind was chosen for greatness: we own the world
3. Mankind can evolve, you can create yourself
4. Mankind was the best result of God's creation

What is this choice you have as a human? (2)

1. To live or die
2. To be a good person or not
3. To work hard to improve yourself or to do nothing
4. To let others decide who you must be in society

What is the consequence of this?

1. You are responsible for your own choices
2. God bestows talent: He makes the choices
3. Mankind is the leader of the world
4. You are dependent on the family you grew up in

Do humanists reject religion?

1. yes
2. no

How do you see that Mirandola is still Christian?

1. Mankind can choose his own life
2. God decides how you need to live your life
3. God created mankind
4. He rejects Darwin's view of the evolution theory

Humanists don't base themselves on ____________ to discover knowledge

1. their senses
2. the Bible
3. texts of ancient writers
4. professors

Recap: What are the characteristics of humanism?

Why is this book so special?

1. It is an overview of the different jobs of the clergy
2. It was the first humanist book written in Latin
3. He is making fun of the clergy and criticises them
4. He explains what a good job the clergy is doing

What type of work is 'Praise of Folly'?

1. Ironic work
2. Satirical work
3. A parody
4. A comical work

What is the first group that Erasmus attacks in the extract?

1. higher nobility
2. lower clergy
3. lower nobility
4. higher clergy

What is he saying about the lower clergy?

What is he saying about the higher clergy?

What was Erasmus's goal in ridiculing the Church? (2)

1. To show them what they did wrong
2. To make people laugh
3. To prove that reforms are necessary
4. Revenge: Church had criticized his own work

What is the consequence of the fact that he wrote 'Praise of Folly' in Latin?

What were the reactions to the book? (2)

1. It became a bestseller
2. People didn't really read it: book by "grumpy old man"
3. People burned his book on the street
4. Church told people not to read it

How was Erasmus able to counter criticism on his book?

1. I am educated: I 'm just telling the truth
2. It's not me talking: it's Folly
3. I did research --> the proof is there
4. I have just made it up!