Unit 6: Reproduction in plants & animals

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Unit 6: Reproduction in plants & animals

§1 Flowers

Which flower species do you know
(Dutch names allowed)?

Flowers have many different sizes & shapes

...but they share a similar layout

What are flowers?

Reproductive organs of plants

Generally 2 parts on the outside of a plant:

- Callyx (green, 

   consists of sepals)

- Corolla (coloured, 

   consists of petals)

Why are petals coloured?

Paardenbloem

Madelief

Scherpe boterbloem

Zachte ooievaarsbek

Reigersbek

How do plants reproduce?

2 types of sex cells:

- Pollen grains (male)

- Egg cells (female)

Pollen are produced in the stamens

Egg cells are produced in the carpel

Stamen

Stamens & Carpel (Pistil)

Make §6.1

Assignment 1, 2, 3, 5

Unit 6: Reproduction of plants and animals

§2 Pollination

Stamen

Stamens & Carpel (Pistil)

Flowers

Produce nectar --> sugary liquid

Pollinators fly from flower to flower, taking pollen with them

Pollen are taken to the stigma of another flower --> pollination

The other flower has to be the same species!

Hummingbird

Bat

Self- and cross-pollination 

Wind pollination

Some flowers use wind to disperse pollen:

- Coniferous trees

- Some deciduous trees

- Grasses

No bright colours, mostly green/brown

Make §6.2

Assignment 1-3, 5-9

Unit 6: Reproduction of plants and animals

§3 Fertilization 

Flowers

Produce nectar --> sugary liquid

Pollinators fly from flower to flower, taking pollen with them

Pollen are taken to the stigma of another flower --> pollination

The other flower has to be the same species!

Where are pollen produced?

Where are individual egg cells of a plant stored?

1. Ovary
2. Ovule
3. Stigma
4. Carpel

Stamen

Stamens & Carpel (Pistil)

So how does a plant get fertilized?

Pollen on the stigma

Fertilisation of the egg cell

Plant embryo

Embryo starts growing after fertilization

Ovule turns into a seed

Make §6.3

Assignment 1-3, 5, 8

Unit 6: Reproduction of plants and animals

§4 Fruits and seeds

When a pollen grain reaches the carpel, a pollen tube grows through the ..., until it finally reaches the egg cell

1. Stigma, style, ovary
2. Style, stigma, ovary
3. Ovary, stigma, style
4. Stigma, ovary, style

What is the correct term for the fusion of two nuclei (e.g. a pollen nucleus and an egg cell nucleus)?

Once an egg cell is fertilized, the ovule turns into ...

1. a plant
2. an embryo
3. pollen
4. a seed

What happens after fertilization?

Seed development

Only fertilized ova (egg cells) can develop

Ovules become seeds

Ovary becomes the fruit

Seed development

1. Flower before fertilization

2. After fertilization, ovules & ovary start to grow.

3. Petals and stamens fall off

4. Calyx (with sepals) shrinks, seeds become larger

5. Seeds/fruit grow and ripen

Fruits

Hundreds of different forms.

Some contain pulp, the edible part of a fruit

Figs

Grapes

Coconut

Jackfruit

Make §6.4

Assignment 1, 2, 4, 5, 7

Unit 6: Reproduction of plants and animals

§7 Dispersal of seeds

After fertilization, the ovary turns into a ...

When a fruit is growing, the corolla ...

1. grows as well
2. falls apart
3. withers

Name the 3 parts of the carpel from top to bottom.
Write your answer like this.
..., ..., ...

How do plants disperse their seeds?

Dispersal by the plant itself

(Cranesbill)

Schematic

Green beans

Ecballium elaterium

Squirting cucumber

Dispersal by the wind

Maple

Birch

Dispersal by animals

Make §6.7

Assignment 1, 2, 3