unit 4 Support and locomotion B4 Muscles (VWO/blauw)

• newEditor
• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

unit 4 support and locomotion

B4 Muscles

Concepts  and Learning objectives B4

Concepts:  

muscle system, muscle sheath, tendons, muscle bundles, muscle fibres, attachment site, biceps, triceps, antagonistic pair, muscle fibres, transverse muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, organ muscle

Learning objectives:

You can describe the functioning of muscles

You can name examples of Voluntarily and involuntary muscle movements

What will we do?

• Questions on B3

• Unit 4 B4:

•        - Muscular system

•        - Tendons

•        - Antagonistic pair

•        - Other muscle movements

• Time for homework

• Concluding with Flashcards and Test Yourself

At which joint is no movement possible

A

Fusion only

B

Fusion and sutures joint

C

Sutures and cartilage joints

D

Movement is possible at all joints

Radius and ulna together form a ...

A

saddle joint

B

pivot joint

C

ball-and-socket joint

D

hinge joint

Which joint is between the vertebrae?

A

fused joint

B

Sutures joint

C

Cartilage joint

D

Synovial joint

What connection is between the skull bones?

A

fused joint

B

Sutures joint

C

Cartilage joint

D

Synovial joint

Which joint is in the knee?

A

fused joint

B

Sutures joint

C

Cartilage joint

D

Synovial joint

What is the name of the bone you are sitting on? (1 word)

Muscular system

• Skeletal muscles: muscles attached to bones by tendons

• Involuntary muscles in       intestines

• Heart muscle

• Muscles in skin

Structure of a muscle

• Muscles consist of a large number of muscle fibres (muscle cells)

• Muscle is surrounded by a muscle sheath

• Muscle sheath ends in a tendon

• Tendons connect muscles to bones

• Muscle fibres are grouped together in a muscle bundle

• There is a membrane/tissue around each muscle bundle

muscle sheath

A layer of connective tissue.

Holds everything together and protects the tissue

muscle bundle

A number of muscle fibres together, around a bundle there is also a layer of connective tissue

muscle fibre

Contract to become shorter (and thicker). This creates movement.

tendon

At both ends of a muscle is a tendon.

Tendon is tough, poorly elastic tissue. This attaches the muscle to a bone

Antagonistic pair

A muscle can only pull, not push!

Two muscles often work together to move a bone.

If muscle 1 pulls , muscle 2 relaxes

When muscle 2 pulls, muscle 1 relaxes

These muscles are each other's antagonists

How do you bend and stretch your arm?

• To bend and extend your arm, the arm flexor muscle and arm extensor muscle work together 

• Arm bend: the arm flexor muscle shortens and thickens

• Arm stretching: the arm flexor muscle relaxes and stretches

Arm bending

• Arm flexor muscle contraction: gets shorter and thicker

• Tendons pull on your radius

• Arm flexor muscle relaxes: becomes longer and thinner

Arm stretching

• Arm extensor muscle contraction: gets shorter and thicker

• Tendons pull on your ulna

• Arm flexor muscle relaxes: becomes longer and thinner

Muscle tissue

• Muscles contain proteins that can slide together, making muscle shorter and thicker.

•  These proteins are actin and myosin (together muscle fibres)

3 types of muscle tissue: 

• Skeletal muscle tissue (see image)

• Smooth muscle tissue

• Cardiac muscle tissue

Other muscular movements

Skeletal muscular tissue

Muscle tissue in skeletal muscles.

Muscles that allow you to move consciously.

cardiac muscle tissue

Your heart, too, is a muscle. By contracting, the heart muscle pumps blood through the body. You also do this subconsciously...thankfully.

smooth muscle tissue

Muscles in organs. Examples: in the wall of oesophagus, stomach, intestines and around your blood vessels. These organ muscles move without you being aware of it.

Muscle fibres

Transverse muscle tissue contains 2 types of muscle fibres:

Slow muscle fibres: 

- Take a slow time to contract and are therefore less powerful . 

- Muscles for posture contain many slow muscle fibres. 

- Use less energy and therefore tire less quickly

Fast Muscle Fibres: 

- Fast and powerful contraction

- Muscles for locomotion. 

- Use more energy -> faster through nutrients so tired quickly

Homework for the next lesson

homework

•        Par 4.4  the joints

•        Summary 

•        Pif

•        Exercises 1 up and until 9

•       Test yourself

•       Use also the flash cards 

Check your learning objectives

• You can describe the functioning of muscles

• You can give examples of voluntary and involuntary muscle movements

- Do you know the terms? Practise the Flashcards 

- Check the learning objectives with Test Yourself

- Read the Summary B4 again and compare it with assignment

Lever hier de foto's in van de samenvatting (rood + wit opdracht 4)