U5 Perception, behaviour and regulation 1HVTTO

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• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

What senses do you know?

Senses

• Sight

• Sense of hearing

• Sense of balance

• Sense of smell

• Sense of taste

• Sense of heat/cold

• Sense of touch/pressure 

Stimuli and impulses

• Sensory organ takes in a stimulus

• Stimulus = Influence from the environment

• 1 stimulus >2 stimuli

• Sensory organ sends impulses to the brain

• Impulse = electric signal in nerves

Sensory organs

• Eyes

• Ears

• Tongue

• Nose

• Skin

Stimulus:

• light

• sound

• taste

• scents/odours

• heat, cold, pressure, contact, pain

Function of senses

Perceive what happens around you -----> RESPOND

Impulses

Impulses = signals sent by senses through nerves

Sensory organ --impulse--> Brain

Once the impulses reach your brain, you become aware

Brain --impulse--> Muscles 

You can move and react to the stimuli

Sensory organs receive a stimulus

In the sensory organs, the stimulus is turned into an impulse that gets sent to the brain

You perceive the sound and decide to grab your phone

Impulses are sent to arm muscles

The arm muscles receive the impulses and you grab your phone

What are the stimuli in this situation?

1. What stimuli will your body experience in the situation described underneath? 2. How will the brain react to these stimuli? You are using the stove, the pan has been on the stove for about 10 minutes. You touch the metal handle of the pan.

What part of the eye changes light stimuli into impulses?

A

Pupil

B

Lens

C

Retina

D

Optic nerve

To see light must pass several parts of the eye. What is the correct order?

A

cornea, pupil, lens, retina

B

lens, retina, pupil, cornea, pupil,

C

pupil, lens, retina, cornea,

D

cornea, lens, cornea, pupil, retina

Where can we find the sensory receptors?

A

Blind spot

B

Retina

C

Optic nerve

D

Sclera

Which part of the eye changes shape by using a circular/ciliary muscle?

A

Iris

B

Pupil

C

Cornea

D

Lens

What part of your eye helps with focusing pictures?

A

cornea

B

lens

C

pupil

D

retina

Which image shows your eye in bright light?

A

left picture

B

right picture

C

D

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions

• Only whisper with the student next to you

• Stay at your  desk

What you should do:

• Read pages 101-104

• Do asgmt 1-8, 6c pgs. 104-108

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)

• Learn for the test 

• Make other homework

• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

Teacher is available for questions

Only whisper with the student next to you

Stay at your desk

What you should do:

• Read pages  88-89

• Do asgmt  1, 3 + 5 up to and including 9 on pgs. 90-92 

Done with the above?

• Work on the next paragraph(s)

• Make other homework

• Read a book

B2 Touch, smell, taste

• Take off your jacket

• Put your things on your desk

       Book, notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor

• Read pages 94-96

4

minute

00

second

add30s

Lesson goals

• You can describe the structure and functions of the skin

• You can say how you smell different scents

• You can say how you taste different flavours

What sensory organs do you know?

What are stimuli and impulses

A

A stimulus is something that sensory organs take in. Impulses are signals in the nerves

B

An impulse is something that sensory organs take in. Stimuli are signals in the nerves

C

They are both something taken in by sensory organs

D

They are both signals in your nerves

Which of these does the brain use to make your muscles move.

A

Stimulus

B

Impulse

C

D

Nose

Tastes

Light

Sound

Ear

Stimulus

location of sensory organ

Sensory organs in the skin

5 different sensory organs

1. cold receptor

2. pressure receptor

3. heat receptor

4. touch receptor

5. pain receptor

cold receptor

pressure receptor

heat receptor

touch receptor

pain receptor

nerves

The olfactory system

nerve

sensory cells

scent particles

The tongue

Sweet, salt, etc. can be experienced everywhere on your tongue! Not in specific places 

!

tongue

taste buds in the tongue

mucus gland

nerve

nerve

sensory cell

taste bud

groove

 a taste bud

Zw = Working with whispering

Teacher is available for questions

Only whisper with the student next to you

Stay at your desk

What you should do:

• Read pages  94-96

• Do asgmt  1 - 3, 6 -8  pgs. 96-99

Done with the above?

• Work on the next paragraph(s)

• Make other homework

• Read a book

B2 Touch, smell, taste

• Take off your jacket

• Put your things on your desk

       Book, notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor

• Read pages 102-104

4

minute

00

second

add30s

Lesson goals

• You can list the different parts of the ear and their functions

• (You can describe the structure and function of the eye)

Today

• Recap
  

• Talk about sense of hearing

• Check exercises

• Time for hw

• End

Which is the top/outer layer of the skin?

A

dermis

B

basal layer

C

corneal layer

D

subcutaneous connective tissue

What layer of the skin contains the most receptors?

A

dermis

B

basal layer

C

corneal layer

D

subcutaneous connective tissue

What layer of the skin helps keep you warm?

A

dermis

B

basal layer

C

corneal layer

D

subcutaneous connective tissue

What part of your skin will react when you are cold?

A

hair muscle

B

sweat gland

C

fat

D

sebaceous gland

A signal that goes through your nerves is called a ... (1 word)

Hair

touch receptor

corneal layer

basal layer

dermis

subc. connective tissue

sebacious gland

sweat gland

follicle

bloodvessel

pressure receptor

hair muscle

pain receptor

The ear

Outer part 

• 'catches' sounds

Inner parts

• Bring sound to the recptors

• Helps you really hear the sound

What you should do:

• Read pages  101-104

• Do asgmt  1A + 2  + 7  pgs. 104-105

Done with the above?

• Continue with paragraph

• Work on the next chapter(s)

• Learn for the test 

• Make other homework

• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions

• Silent, don't disturb anyone

• Stay at your  desk

6

minute

00

second

add30s

B2 Touch, smell, taste

• Take off your jacket

• Put your things on your desk

       Book, notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor

• Read pages 102-104

4

minute

00

second

add30s

Lesson goals

• 
  

• You can describe the structure and function of the eye

Today

• Recap
  

• Talk about sense of sight

• Check hw

• Time for hw

• End

Eye outside

eyebrow

Keeps sweat out of your eyes

Helps show emotion

Eyelid

Disperse tears over the eye

Keeps eye from drying out

eyelashes

Protects eye against light and dust

pupil

entrance for light

iris

changing the size of the pupil

sclera

hard protective outer layer of the eye

cornea

tough see-through protective layer of the eye

sclera

hard protective outer layer of the eye

How you see 

Light falls on an object

Light is reflected by the object towards your eyes

The lens turns the image upside down

Optic nerve sends impulses containing the image towards the brains

The brains turns the image upside down again.

You now see the cup

How you see

Pupillary reflex

What you should do:

• Read pages  101-104

• Do asgmt 3, 4, 5 + 8 pgs. 105-108

Done with the above?

• Continue with paragraph

• Work on the next chapter(s)

• Learn for the test 

• Make other homework

• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions

• Silent, don't disturb anyone

• Stay at your  desk

6

minute

00

second

add30s

B1 The nervous system

• Take off your jacket

• Put your things on your desk

       Book, notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor

• Read pages 110-114

4

minute

00

second

add30s

Lesson goals

• You can describe the structure and functions of the nervous system

• You can describe the structure of nerve cells and nerves.

• You can describe a reflex arc

Today

• Recap
  

• The nervous system

• Cells of the nervous system

• Reflexes
  

• Time for hw
  

• End

At what moment do you become aware of a sound?

A

the moment sound enters your ear

B

the moment the sound reaches the eardrum

C

the moment the sound has reached the cochlea

D

The moment the impulse of the auditory nerve has reached the brains

In what part of the ear is the sound changed into an impulse?

A

ear drum

B

auditory ossicles

C

cochlea

D

auditory nerve

What part of the retina is best at seeing colours?

A

Sclera

B

Fovea

C

choroid

D

Blind spot

The pupil can change its size. You're in your bed at night, you decide to turn on the lamp in your room, what happens? The size of you pupil will change from .. to ..

A

Big to small

B

Small to big

C

Normal to big

D

It doesn't change

What part of the eye changes light stimuli into impulses?

A

Pupil

B

Lens

C

Retina

D

Optic nerve

Lens

Iris

Cornea

Eye muscle

Choroid

Retina

Fovea

Blind spot

Optic nerve

Sclera

Vitreous body

Nervous system

Central nervous system:

brain and spinal cord

You touch your bike, and you feel that it is very cold. How does the impulse travel in your body?

A

skin > nerve > spinal cord > brain

B

brain > spinal cord > nerve > skin

C

skin > spinal cord > nerve > brain

D

skin > brain > spinal cord > nerve

You use your leg to kick a ball. How does the impulse travel in your body?

A

muscle > nerve > spinal cord > brain

B

brain > spinal cord > nerve > muscle

C

brain > nerve > spinal cord > muscle

D

muscle > spinal cord > nerve > brain

senses take in stimuli from your environment

Making muscles move

Making glands produce substances

Nerve cell

• 1 nerve contains many nerve cells

• Dendrites take in impulses

• Axons send impulses away

• 3 types of nerve cell

S

M

I

Reflex arc

Conscious reaction = brain decides how to react 

                                            reaction is voluntary

Reflex = involuntary, fixed and fast reaction

                  to stimulus

Suddenly a bright light is shining in your eyes, your pupils become smaller.

A

Reflex

B

Conscious reaction

C

D

Someone suddenly throws a small ball your way. Without too much trouble, you manage to catch the ball.

A

Reflex

B

Conscious reaction

C

D

You open the tap to wash your hands. The water is hot, you pull away your hands immediately.

A

Reflex

B

Conscious reaction

C

D

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions

• Silent, don't disturb anyone

• Stay at your  desk

What you should do:

• Read pages  110-114

• Do asgmt  1-3, 5, 7 pgs. 114-116

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)

• Learn for the test 

• Make other homework

• Read a book

6

minute

00

second

add30s