gerund vs infinitive

• newEditor
• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Welcome class! 

 Gerund vs infinitive

Learning goal:

- I know the difference between 'the infinitive' and 'gerund'

- I can use the 'the infinitive' and 'gerund' correctly.

Gerund (NL: Lezen is leuk.)

Gerund or Infinitive

I don't mind learning new grammar. (gerund)

I hope to learn a lot. (infinitive = to + hele werkwoord)

How do you make a gerund?

Stem +ing 

The gerund looks a lot like a present continuous without the form of "to be"

I love reading.

 Gerunds can be used as a subject of a sentence.

EXAMPLES

Eating people is wrong.

Hunting tigers is dangerous.

Flying makes me nervous.

Brushing your teeth is important.

Smoking causes lung cancer.

 Gerunds can be used as an object of a sentence.

You may say: “I enjoy drawing.”

You may also say: “Yesterday, I decided to draw.”

Both sentences are correct, but one has an infinitive as the object and the other has a gerund as the object.

Gerund - recap

The gerund is a form of a verb (stem + ing) which can be used as the subject or direct object. 

• Subject (onderwerp)

       Swimming is fun

•  Direct object (lijdend voorwerp)

      I enjoy going to the seaside

When to use a gerund? (besides use as subject/object)

1)Expressions like: it's no use/don't mind/ look forward to:

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

My mother does't mind cooking every day.

2)Verbs like enjoy/ love/ like/hate: 

I enjoy going to the movies.

I hate cycling in the rain.

3)After prepositions:

John is good at working in the garden.

They are afraid of losing the match.

Grammar: Gerund vs. Infinitive

Using the infinitive without "to" 

1. Any modal verbs; (would, could, might, must) - I might go home. 
   

2. With the verbs; make/let - I make him walk the dog 

We let them win at football because they were only little children.

Het werkwoord to remember

! Belangrijk !

Als je het hebt over iets onthouden -> Gerund

Als je het hebt over iets herinneren -> Infinitive

Het werkwoord to stop

! Belangrijk !

Als het betekent met iets stoppen -> Gerund

She stopped smoking.

Als je het stoppen om iets anders te doen -> Infinitive
She stopped to smoke.

Gerund (ing-vorm)

I love playing tennis.

wanneer?

1. als zelfstandig naamwoord

2. na ww die een mening geven:
   to hate, to like, to love, to enjoy

3. na ww to start, to begin, to continue, to stop

4. na voorzetsels (after, before, while, at ...)

5. na uitdrukkingen als it's no use ..., it's (not) worth ..., don't mind ..., to look forward to ...

Infinitive (ww met 'to')

I promised to play tennis with him.

wanneer?

1. na ww die een gevoel of gedachte geven:
   to hope, to want, to expect, to choose, to hesitate

2. na ww die 'iets zeggen'
   to agree, to promise, to demand, to forbid, to refuse

3. na ww als to learn, to manage, to fail, to tend

4. in combinatie met would love, would hate, would like ...

Bij het werkwoord to remember zijn er twee mogelijkheden:

1. In de betekenis van 'iets onthouden' gebruik je de infinitive: I will remember to bring drinks.

2. Als je 'je iets herinneren' bedoelt, gebruik je de gerund: I will always remember swimming in the lake.

Gerund vs Infinitive It's worth .... an effort.

A

to make

B

making

C

D

Gerund vs Infinitive Angelina doesn't mind ... care of the kids.

A

to take

B

taking

C

D

Gerund vs Infinitive The whole class agrees it's difficult ... early.

A

to get up

B

getting up

C

D

Gerund vs Infinitive He decided ............................... (study) biology.

A

to study

B

studying

C

D

She would love __________ (to meet) you.

A

to meet

B

meet

C

meeting

D

He's afraid of _________ (to be) alone.

A

to be

B

be

C

being

D

Jane stopped ________ (to talk) to me after our fight.

I refuse _________ (to help) him.

I don't mind _______ (to do) that for you.

Please take your shoes before ______ (to enter) the room.

ex 1:Sentence examples showing a verb followed by a gerund:

I avoid swimming in shark infested waters.

I enjoy eating chocolate in the bath.

I practise singing in the shower.

I fancy ............. ing    ....... .............................................................

I deny   ...........................ing        ...............................................

They  miss .................ing     ..........................................................

He risks losing .....................................................................

ex 1:Sentence examples showing a verb followed by an infinitive +to

I expect to go to London at Christmas

She offers to help out every Tuesday

They refuse to do their homework

We want  ....................................

He threatens ......................................

We deserve   ...................................................

I manage ...................................................       

Website

https://www.thoughtco.com/verbs-gerund-infinitive-that-change-meaning-1209884

Website

https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerund_or_infinitive_different_list.htm