Par. 2.3 Hitler causes a world war-Turning points

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• Leerjaar 3

§2.3 Hitler causes a world war

Turning points / End of the war

Program

• Invasion of Russia part 1
• War in the Pacific / USA joins the allies
• Invasion of Russia / Battle of Leningrad and Stalingrad
• Germany loses in North Africa and Italy
• War in Western Europe: D-Day : 6th June 1944
• Operation Market Garden - Battle of Arnhem
• German surrender / Japanese surrender

After today...

… You will be able to explain how the war in Europe developed

... You will be able to explain the most important turning points

... You will be able to explain why Germany lost the war

Homework next class

• Study §2.4 pp. 42-43 

Invasion of Russia part 1

• 22nd June 1941 : operation Barbarossa
• First it was a huge success for Germany. Winter bogged the German advance down in 1941. Until the fall of 1942 the Germans were winning.

• USA and Britain help the Russians with weapons and food

War in the Pacific

Turning point !!

• 7th December 1941 : Japan attacks Pearl Harbour and with that USA joins the war. A huge boost for Britain and Russia.
• Now the big American economy is going to focus entirely on the war effort. A sleeping giant has been woken up.

• USA starts to fight against both Germany and Japan.

Invasion of Russia part 2

Turning point !!

• Battle of Leningrad and Stalingrad during winter 1942-1943
• German army suffers a tremendous defeat at Stalingrad. From then on the German army only retreats.

• Russian army becomes stronger and stronger and starts the offensive to take Berlin in 1945.

Germany loses in Africa/Italy

Turning point !!

• 1943 German army loses in North Africa and the Allies invade Italy. 
• German army keeps fighting in Italy and hold out until 1945.

War in Western-Europe

Turning point !!

• D-Day 6th June 1944: landings in Normandy, France.
• Allies break German resistance end of July
• German army collapses and allies take France, Belgium and the southern part of The Netherlands.

War in Western-Europe

• September 1944: Operation Market Garden. Attempt to take the bridges across the River Rhine and finish the war before the end of the year. It fails and stops the allied advance.
• December 1944: Germany starts a counter attack in the Ardennes, Belgium but fail to break the allied  lines.

German surrender 

• Germany gets attacked from eastern and western side.
• It is really quite amazing how long the Germans kept up their resistance for so long against so many powerful countries.
• After heavy fighting Berlin is taken by the Russians.
• Hitler commits suicide
• Germany surrenders 7th May 1945

Japanese surrender 

• Pacific war takes longer to finish.
• Japan finally surrenders after the deployment of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Ñagasaki.
• Japan surrenders 14th August 1945

Why did Germany lose the war in Russia?

1. Because of the cold winters
2. They didn't have enough soldiers
3. Russians fought very well
4. Because of the fierce resistance and the cold Russian winters.

Which three turning points are the most important?

1. Leningrad/North Africa/D-Day
2. Stalingrad/Pearl Harbour/D-Day
3. North Africa/Stalingrad/D-Day
4. Leningrad/D-Day/Pearl Harbour