Consolidated reading lesson H4b
Havo 4 Week 38
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Havo 4 Week 38
Lesson agenda
What we will do today
Havo 4 Reading Skills
1
ReadTheory silent reading
2
Signal words
3
Text 5 & 6 guided class reading
4
Text 9 independent try
Today’s rhythm First we do it together. Then you try it with support. Then you try it alone.
Learning goals
By the end of this lesson, you can…
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• use the title and picture to predict the topic • read exam questions before reading the full text • spot tone: ironic, critical, humorous or factual • explain why an answer is correct and why other options are wrong
Success check You can point to the line, paragraph or clue that proves your answer.
ReadTheory
10–15 minutes silent reading
Havo 4 Reading Skills
10–15
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• Log in to readtheory.org • Work silently • Answer carefully: look back in the text • Finished early? Continue with the next text
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these tests adjust to your reading level they get harder if you do well and easier if you are struggling, they help you with vocabulary and reading skills.
Overview of Period 1:
Reading test Week 39:
September 21- 27 September
Test week A test in week 44/45 :
October 30- November 6
Unit 1 all Vocabulary and Grammar
present perfect and past simple
making questions: interrogative pronouns
making negative sentences
present simple and present continuous
Unit 2 Lesson 2: Vocabulary and Grammar
past simple and past continuous
KEY IDEA
04
Signal words are road signs
You do not always need the translation.
First ask: “WHAT IS THE WRITER DOING HERE?”
contrast • cause • result • example • addition
SIGNAL WORD
→
EXPECT A RELATIONSHIP
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SIGNAL WORDS
05
The four big ones
Start with these. They appear everywhere in reading texts.
CONTRAST
however • but • although • whereas • nevertheless
CAUSE
because • since • as
RESULT
therefore • so • as a result • consequently
EXAMPLE
for example • for instance • such as
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SIGNAL WORDS
06
More useful signal words
ADDITION
also • furthermore • moreover • in addition
SEQUENCE
first • next • then • finally
CONDITION
if • unless
CONCLUSION
overall • in conclusion • therefore
Remember: function first, translation second.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
GUIDED PRACTICE
07
Try it: predict the text
Many teenagers say they are too busy to exercise. HOWEVER, even a short walk can make a difference.
What should you expect after HOWEVER?
A another reason B a contrasting idea C an example D a conclusion
Talk: Which word in the text proves your choice?
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Track the claim before and after the signal word.
CHALLENGE Explain why one distractor is plausible but wrong.
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GUIDED PRACTICE
08
Try it again: find the function
Regular movement can improve concentration and reduce stress. FOR EXAMPLE, students who walk for twenty minutes after school may find it easier to relax.
What does FOR EXAMPLE tell you?
A specific example is coming.
A result is coming.
A contrast is coming.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Read one sentence before and after the signal word.
CHALLENGE Describe the exact relationship without translating.
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STRATEGY
09
Read like a detective
1
STOP
Notice the signal word.
2
NAME
Identify the relationship.
3
PREDICT
What should come next?
4
CHECK
Read the next sentence carefully.
5
ASK
Why did the writer use this word?
Havo 4 • Reading skills
EXAM STRATEGY
10
Your 5-step reading method
QUESTION
What exactly am I being asked?
LOCATION
Where is the answer likely to be?
CLUES
Signal words • repeated ideas • synonyms
EVIDENCE
Which sentence proves it?
ANSWER
Choose what the text supports.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
TEXT 1
11
The phone that is still distracting you
Underline the signal words. Then answer questions 1–3 on your worksheet.
Many students assume that turning a phone face down is enough to protect their concentration. Although the screen is no longer visible, each vibration can still pull attention away. The interruption may last only a second; nevertheless, part of the student’s attention can remain with the message afterwards. Consequently, returning fully to the task often takes longer than the interruption itself. Some researchers therefore recommend placing the phone in another room.
Exam habit: after choosing an answer, point to the sentence that proves it.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Map the reasoning before answering.
CHALLENGE Identify the essential linking sentence.
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FEEDBACK
12
Check: Text 1
Letters are not enough — explain the clue.
1
B
brief alert contrasted with its longer mental effect
2
A
a face-down phone may still affect concentration
3
B
distance removes the alert and the effort of resisting it
Havo 4 • Reading skills
TEXT 2
13
Notes that help you think
Answer questions 4–6. Look for the change of direction.
Typing allows students to record information quickly, whereas writing by hand forces them to select and shorten what they hear. Some people therefore claim that handwritten notes are always more effective. However, that conclusion is too simple. A laptop can be useful when a lesson requires an exact record. Conversely, selecting and reorganising information may help when students must explain a difficult concept later. Therefore, the best method depends on the learner’s purpose.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Underline the claim that the writer qualifies.
CHALLENGE Explain what “Conversely” adds.
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FEEDBACK
14
Check: Text 2
Sentence before + signal word + sentence after = your clue.
4
A two contrasting ways of recording information
5
C “that conclusion” refers to the claim that handwriting is always better
6
C the best method depends on the task
Havo 4 • Reading skills
TEXT 3
15
When choice becomes work
Answer questions 7–9.
Streaming services appear to make entertainment easier because thousands of films are immediately available. Yet a larger selection does not always produce a more satisfying decision. When viewers compare too many similar options, they may become uncertain. As a result, some spend more time browsing than watching. Recommendations can reduce this effort, provided that users trust the system. If the same suggestions repeatedly appear, however, viewers may suspect that the platform is promoting its own priorities.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Mark the positive claim and its limitations.
CHALLENGE Explain the writer’s cautious final position.
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CHALLENGE
16
Fast challenge: The limits of an early start
Answer questions 10–12 if you have time.
Waking early is often treated as proof of discipline. However, an early start creates no extra time if it is achieved by shortening sleep. A tired student may sit at a desk for longer while completing less work. Therefore, productivity should be judged by the quality of focused work rather than by its starting time. This does not mean that routines are unimportant. On the contrary, a regular start can reduce delay, provided that the routine also allows enough rest.
Havo 4 • Reading skills
SUPPORT Separate belief, correction, qualification and judgement.
CHALLENGE Find a tempting option that distorts the text.
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THE MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION
“WHERE IS MY EVIDENCE?”
Not the answer that sounds right. The answer that the text supports.
TEXT → EVIDENCE → ANSWER
EXIT TICKET
18
One-minute exit ticket
1. A signal word is useful because…
________________________________________________________________________________
2. One signal word I need to remember is…
________________________________________________________________________________
3. When I am unsure about an answer, I should…
________________________________________________________________________________
SUPPORT Use: “A signal word helps me because…”
CHALLENGE Name the strategy step that will help you most.
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NEXT LESSON
FULL PRACTICE TEST
Today you built the tools. Next lesson, use them.
QUESTION
LOCATION
CLUES
EVIDENCE
ANSWER
Go into the practice test looking for signal words and evidence — not just answers.
Exam reading routine
Use this every time
Havo 4 Reading Skills
1. Before reading Look at the title, picture, source and layout. Predict: What is this probably about?
2. Read the questions Underline command words: main point, function, tone, conclude, cite.
3. Read with a target You are not translating everything. You are collecting proof for answers.
4. Check options Wrong answers are often too strong, too general, or not in the right paragraph.
5. Explain proof Say: “I know because in paragraph … it says …”
Text 5: The Waiting Game
Homework text — spoken breakdown
Havo 4 Reading Skills
What should students notice? Title: “The Waiting Game” suggests waiting is not neutral — it is a system, maybe unfair. Picture: the man on money gets special treatment while others queue.
Main idea Waiting in lines used to feel equal, but now rich or privileged people can often pay to skip waiting.
Tone Critical + ironic. The writer mocks VIP treatment by using exaggeration and insulting descriptions.
Text 5: paragraph map
What each paragraph does
Havo 4 Reading Skills
§1 Claim: waiting is becoming something poor people do.
§2 Examples: airports and theme parks.
§3 Meaning: rich/famous people learn they matter more.
§4 Expansion: people can even sell/buy places in queues.
§5 Culture comparison: queue habits in China and Soviet Union.
§6 Conclusion: U.S. splits into VIPs and “Very Impatient Persons”.
Text 5: useful vocabulary
Do not panic — use context
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• exclusive province = only for one group • suckers = people being fooled / losers • held at bay = kept away • breached = broken through / bypassed • placeholders = people who hold a place for someone • cleaving into = splitting into
Teaching tip Ask students: Which words sound negative? This reveals the writer’s attitude.
Exam clue Words like “suckers”, “unwashed” and “foul” are not neutral. They signal irony.
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Text 5: answer key
Go through homework questions 11–15
Havo 4 Reading Skills
11 B — paragraph 2 gives examples that illustrate paragraph 1.
12 A — “priority boarding” is a real, non-ironic term.
13 C — privileged people are used to special treatment.
14 A — paragraph 4 expands the idea with iPhone queues.
15 1 onjuist • 2 onjuist • 3 juist • 4 onjuist
How to discuss For each answer ask: Which paragraph? Which word proves it? Why are the other options wrong?
Text 5: exam tips
What this text teaches us
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• Paragraph relationship questions often ask: example, explanation, contrast or conclusion. • Tone questions: look for loaded words, exaggeration and sarcasm. • For juist/onjuist: only use the named paragraphs. Do not use memory from another paragraph unless allowed. • If an answer sounds logical but is not in the paragraph, it is wrong.
Mini-check Why is question 15.4 onjuist if the NBA example appears earlier?
Text 6: How to Have Fun at Home
We read this together as a class
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Step 1: clues first Title: sounds like advice, but the text is funny. Source: Bill Bryson column. Expect humour and exaggeration.
Picture / layout clue It is a column extract: personal voice, jokes, opinion and a final punchline.
Before reading Predict: What ordinary household thing might the writer make dramatic?
Text 6: read questions first
What are we looking for?
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• 25: emphasis in a quotation — which word matters most? • 26: conclusion from lines 6–13 • 27: linking word in a gap • 28: quote evidence for “extremely hazardous” • 29: infer why his wife would object • 30: final sentence / joke ending
Before the text Students should know the task before reading. That makes reading faster and less stressful.
Key exam skills tone • inference • signal words • quotation evidence
Text 6: spoken breakdown
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• His wife loves small American conveniences. • He likes America, but he is not blindly positive. • He mocks “nice” services because they are pleasant but not deeply important. • Then he contrasts this with one thing he genuinely loves: the garbage disposal. • The humour comes from treating a kitchen appliance like a dangerous hobby.
Notice:
“Notice the contrast: he says free iced water is nice, but healthcare is more important. So he is appreciative but critical.”
Text 6: vocabulary and style
What makes Bryson funny?
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• slavishly uncritical = too blindly positive • given the choice = if I had to choose • latter = the second option • dazzlingly good = impressively good • trial and error = learning by trying and failing • Vesuvius effect = explosive mess, like a volcano • living life on the edge = doing something dangerous
Style clue Overstatement: he makes a normal kitchen appliance sound like an extreme sport.
Tone words humorous • ironic • playful • exaggerated
Text 6: answer time
Students try first
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Answer questions 25–30
5 minutes silent work
• Write A/B/C/D/E where needed • For open questions: quote or line reference • Do not translate the whole text • Skip if stuck, then return
After 5 minutes Pair-check for 3 minutes. You may change an answer only if your partner proves it in the text.
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Text 6: answer key
Questions 25–30
Havo 4 Reading Skills
25 D — “everyone” is the point: it is automatic, not personal.
26 D — the positive examples are small / insignificant conveniences.
27 B — “However” shows contrast.
28 The action where it jams and he reaches in to unclog it.
29 She would object to the mess / explosive “Vesuvius effect”.
30 C — he may write about another disposal experiment.
Most important learning point Question 27 is a signal-word question: he moves from criticism to praise, so the gap needs contrast.
Text 6: board summary
Let students copy this
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• A humorous column often exaggerates ordinary events. • When a writer says something extreme about something small, check for irony. • Signal words show text structure: however = contrast. • Open questions need proof, not just a feeling.
One sentence summary Bryson jokes that American household conveniences can be ridiculous, but the garbage disposal has become his favourite dangerous toy.
Exit ticket
Last 2 minutes
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Write down:
• One strategy you used today • One word that helped you understand tone • One question type you still find difficult
teacher collection
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Next text: choose the easier option
We will use Text 9 today
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Why Text 9? It has an everyday topic, clear paragraph structure and useful exam-style attitude questions.
Mode Silent reading first. Then we break it down together.
Text 9: clues first
Do this before reading
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Title “Ms. Fix-It” suggests women and repair / DIY. It plays with the idea of “Mr. Fix-It”.
Picture / topic clue Look for tools, home improvement and gender expectations.
Prediction The text is probably about companies targeting women who do DIY.
Question scan Main point, cite first two words, two groups, paragraph relation, purpose, conclusion, ending.
Text 9: silent try
Students first, teacher second
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Try questions 31–37 alone
• 8 minutes: silent reading + first answers • 3 minutes: pair-check • You must mark proof: paragraph number or quote • Circle one question you want explained
Differentiation Need support? Answer 31, 34, 36, 37 first.
Ready for challenge? Explain why the wrong options are wrong.
Text 9: paragraph map
Breakdown after they try
Havo 4 Reading Skills
§1 New trend: home-improvement market targets women.
§2 Reasons: single women, divorced women, wives doing it themselves.
§3 Writer limits the idea: not a radical career revolution.
§4 Writer criticises the feminist “radical statement” message.
§5 Writer ends critically: self-reliance is not everything.
Text 9: vocabulary and tone
Hard words made manageable
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• no-woman’s land = a place/field women were not expected in • fad = temporary trend • take matters into their own hands = do it themselves • on their own dime = with their own money • pestering = repeatedly asking / nagging • give pause = make you hesitate or worry • rhetoric = big persuasive language
Tone clue The writer is not fully positive. Watch words like “fad”, “Well, maybe” and “isn’t everything”.
Text 9: answer key
Questions 31–37
Havo 4 Reading Skills
31 C — companies increasingly focus on female customers.
32 “It helps” — this sentence explains confidence through technology.
33 Women on their own after divorce + wives tired of waiting for husbands.
34 A — paragraph 3 relativises paragraph 2.
35 B — women are not strongly attracted to construction jobs.
36 C — the writer dislikes the socio-political message.
37 A — the text ends with a critical remark.
Teaching focus For Q34, do not translate. Ask: does paragraph 3 make paragraph 2 stronger or smaller?
Whole-class recap
What did we practise?
Havo 4 Reading Skills
• Text 5: unfair waiting + irony • Text 6: humorous column + exaggeration • Text 9: writer attitude + paragraph relation • Exam habit: predict → scan questions → read with proof → check answers
Exit question Which question type is hardest for you: main point, paragraph function, tone, inference or quote proof?
Differentiation check
Choose your next step
Havo 4 Reading Skills
Support route Answer the main-point and paragraph-function questions first. Use paragraph maps. Work with a partner after silent time.
Core route Answer all questions and write proof beside each answer. Correct your work during feedback.
Challenge route For two multiple-choice questions, explain why each wrong option is wrong.
Teacher move Ask struggling students: “Which paragraph is the question about?” before helping with vocabulary.
