1.4 Europe: winners and losers

What are we going to do today?
Recap 1.3 Development at different speeds
Homework check

Instruction 1.4 Europe: winners and losers
Let's practice!
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
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What are we going to do today?
Recap 1.3 Development at different speeds
Homework check

Instruction 1.4 Europe: winners and losers
Let's practice!

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Recap 1.3
What internal causes for poverty in a country can be distinguished?

What external causes for poverty in a country can be distinguished?


Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Internal causes: natural
What natural features increase a country's development prospects?
  • fertile ground
  • not too mountainous
  • sufficient precipitation
  • has natural resources
  • located by the sea (not landlocked)

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Internal causes: human-political
In LEDCs:
  • little or no democracy
  • corruption
  • favouritism


Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Internal causes: human-population
Characteristics of the population in a number of countries.

The worldwide birth rate is decreasing.
In LEDCs the birth rate is increasing.
In MEDCs the population ageing is increasing.

What is the disadvantage of a high
birth rate?
  • GDP must be shared between more people.

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Internal causes: human-population
What age structure is ideal for a country?
  • A large, young population group with a good education.
Why is this beneficial for a country?
  • The young people make an important contribution to the development of the country.
What is an important condition for development within a country?
  • There must be enough work.

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Internal causes: human-inequality
Why does inequality within a country increase when it develops economically?
  • Some areas and people are benefiting more from growing prosperity.

Social inequality is measured using the Gini coefficient. Gini = 0 (equal). Gini = 1 (most unequal)

High inequality combined with a shortage of work can lead to unrest in a country.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

External causes: colonial past

Many LEDCs were once exploitation colonies.

External causes: Role of a country in the world economy

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Check the homework
Section 1.3: 2 and 3


Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Colonial relationships (1500 - 1945)
European colonialism:
1500 – 1800: trade colonialism
1800 – 1950: industrial colonialism

In what areas did a former colonizing country strengthen its grip on the colony?
  • education, administration, trade and culture

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Slide 11 - Link

Differences in Europe
Which part of Europe is best developed?
  • North-western Europe

What part is lagging behind in development?
  • Southern and Eastern Europe

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Ruhr region: from grey to green
The Ruhr region got into problems after 1965 because:
  • mines closed
  • blast furnaces were extinguished
  • steel mills closed

These industries moved to low-wage countries.
This has led to de-industrialisation.

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Ruhr region: from grey to green
What advantages have transformed the Ruhr region into a service region?
  • large sales market
  • easily accessible
  • technically skilled workers

The main industry is now: high-tech


Slide 14 - Tekstslide

South Germany, more than Bavaria alone
South Germany has long been agricultural and poor. Now this is a leading region in the German and European economy.
Which industries can you find in South Germany?
  • capital intensive industries

This industry is strongly focused on export.



Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Automotive industry
The automotive industry has settled in South Germany. What kind of companies are also located near the car industry there?
  • network of support companies
  • financial and business services
  • scientific institutes

The benefits companies experience by being located near each other are called: agglomeration advantages



Slide 16 - Tekstslide

South Germany: challenges
What challenges will South Germany face in the coming years?
  • the switch from fossil fuels to electricity as an energy source
  • to continue to be able to find highly skilled workers

High-quality manufacturing industry has a future in western countries. South Germany proves it.




Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Get to work
1.4: 1, 2 and 6

Finished early? Check if you can answer the learning objectives of 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. Write the answers down in your own words.

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

Next week
Test about:
1.1 Global shift
1.2 Development of the world economy
1.3 Development at different speeds

Slide 19 - Tekstslide