Havo 5_lesson 2 _grammar period 1 / present simple and continuous/questions and negatives/speaking

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's class

Grammar - talking about the past and the earlier past

Speaking

Vocabulary (examenidioom)

(extra: start reading article)

HW  check:  ex. C (p.17)  and ex. D/E/F/G (p.18) Blue grammar/writing reader):

Questions (do, does, did)

Negative sentences

Simple past/present perfect

NEW:

Past Perfect (p. 19 - ex. H + I)

NEW HW next class:

ex. C (p. 17) + ex. D/E/F/G (p. 18) 

Word order - adverbs

One verb in sentence -> BEFORE VERB (He always picks on me!)

Two verbs in sentence -> AFTER FIRST VERB (He can never do you any harm!)

Form of "To be" in sentence -> AFTER form of "to be" (He is actually in love with you! ;-)

Questions -> AFTER subject (Why do you always make fun of me?)

Adverbs/Adjectives -> BEFORE other adverbs (bijwoord) and before the adjective (bijvoegelijk nmw)

Word order - longer/emphasis adverbs

• After the verb or at the end of the sentence

You need to look carefully!

JLO asked specifically for Ben!

• At the beginning of the sentence (more emphasis) 

Usually we don't listen to our teacher.

Present  Simple 

he/she/it -> verb + S;

 I/you/we/they -> verb

Question = does + verb 1st form/infinitive (he, she, it); 

do + verb first form/infinitive (I, you, we, they)

Negative sentence = don't + verb; doesn't + verb

Use: 

• General facts (NOT right now or duration) (She loves poetry)
• Things that happen repeatedly (Each Tuesday we swim in the lake)
• Time conjunctions (Before he leaves, he will call you)

Signal words:

always, sometimes, often, frequently

Time conjunctions: 

before, after, until etc.

Present Continuous

he/she/it -> is + verb + ing

I -> am + verb + ing

we/they/you -> are + verb + ing

Question= is/am/are + personal pronoun + verb + ing 

(Are you calling him?)

Negative = isn't/am not/aren't  + verb + ing

Use:

• Happening right now (and for a certain limited period)
• Is happening in the near future (in your agenda)
• Irritation

Signal words:

always (irritation); right now, look, listen, at the moment, currently, at present

next week/this afternoon/tonight = near future

Present  Simple 

Verbs relating to senses or feelings are called static verbs as they describe a state of being. These verbs are only used in the present simple:

hear

see

smell

taste

feel

like

love

hate

seem

appear

understand

etc.

Irregular verbs

Example: 

To forget / forgot / forgotten

1e vorm = To forget = Infinitive (hele ww)

2e vorm = Forgot = Past Simple 

3e vorm = Forgotten = Past Participle (voltooid deelwoord)  

(e.g. has never forgotten/ had forgotten)

Irregular verbs - online practice

Of Course online - PRE-TEST grammar - Exercise 1

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs

(sometimes 2 verbs are given: use the one before the comma)

Asking questions

who/whose (=wiens, van wie)/ which/when/why/how = interrogative pronouns

which = choice between a limited number (often 2)

what -> what time is it? = hoe laat is het?

Asking questions in the present simple, past simple, present perfect:

• Present Simple (I, you, we, they) -> Do + 1st form/hele ww 
• Present Simple (he, she, it = shit rule) -> Does + 1st form/hele ww 
• Past Simple (all personal pronouns) -> Did + 1st form /hele ww
• Present perfect (he, she, it) -> Has + 3rd form
• Present perfect (I, you, we, they) -> Have + 3rd form 
• Past perfect (all pronouns) -> Had + 3rd form

Making sentences negative

Making sentences negative in the present simple, past simple, present perfect:

One verb in the sentence:

• Present simple (I, you, we, they) -> don't + hele ww 
• Present simple (he/she/it = shit rule) -> doesn't + hele ww
• Past simple (all personal pronouns = I, you, he, she etc.) -> didn't + hele ww

Two verbs in the sentence:

• Hasn't/hadn't/won't/can't/couldn't etc. + hele ww

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Present Perfect

has/have + 3rd form (participle)

has = he/she/it; have = I/you/we/they

Question = has/have + 3rd form (Have you ever eaten snails?)

Negative = hasn't/haven't + 3rd form (I have never eaten them.)

Use: to talk about result, experience, how long sth. has been going on (not finished), recent actions

• When = NOT important 
• Focus is on result/experience
• Action started in the past AND 

is still going on / OR has only just finished

Signal words:

never, ever, always, so far, since, for, just,

yet, up to now, recently, 

https:

www.ego4u.com

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Past Perfect

Had+ 3rd form (participle)

Question = had + 3rd form (Had you ever eaten snails before you met him?)

Negative = No, I hadn't

Use: to talk about an earlier event in the past

• An action took place before another action in the past

Signal words:

before, after