Glorifying the army: European nations were proud of their armies and liked to show weapons, uniforms, parades.
Causes of WW1
Slide 18 - Tekstslide
Slide 19 - Tekstslide
Causes:
M.A.I.N.
2. Alliances
Countries made alliances to form a stronger block
Triple Entente: France, Britain and Russia
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Causes of WW1
Slide 20 - Tekstslide
Slide 21 - Tekstslide
Finish the map in your notebook.
Write under the map:
At the beginning of WW1:
Triple Entente the ALLIES
Triple Alliance the CENTRAL POWERS
Bulgaria and Turkey join the Central Powers
Italy switches sides and joins the Allies (1915).
In the map:
Shade (arceer) the countries Bulgaria and Turkey in the same color that you gave the Triple Alliance countries.
Shade Italy with the color of the Triple Entente countries.
Slide 22 - Tekstslide
Being in an alliance has advantages and disadvantages. Write down 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage.
Write it like this: advantage: ........ disadvantage: ........
Slide 23 - Open vraag
Study the source. What disadvantage of an alliance does this source illustrate?
Slide 24 - Open vraag
Causes:
M.A.I.N.
3. Imperialism
European countries wanted to get colonies in Africa and Asia for resources and status.
Germany demanded its "place under the sun" . As a new country it felt that it had missed the chance to get colonies. Now Germany wanted to catch up.
Causes of WW1
Slide 25 - Tekstslide
"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.
Slide 26 - Tekstslide
Study this map. Which two European countries had the most colonial territory in Africa in 1913?
Slide 27 - Open vraag
Emperor Wilhelm II with the Navy flag, eagle, sword and crown, and a warship in the background. German postcard, dated 1910.
Anglo-German
rivalry
Slide 28 - Tekstslide
Start of the class task: Work in pairs or triplets
Study this source. It is about imperialism Explain what the artist meant with this cartoon.
Slide 29 - Open vraag
Causes:
M.A.I.N.
4. Nationalism
Europeans were very proud of their own nation
They felt that they were better than other nations
They felt that they should have more power than other nations
Causes of WW1
Slide 30 - Tekstslide
Humiliating the French in 1871:
German emperor Wilhelm I is crowned
in the French palace of Versailles...
Slide 31 - Tekstslide
Before 1871 Germany consisted of several German states. Of these, Prussia (Pruissen) was the biggest and most powerful.
After the war with France the king of Prussia became the emperor of the united German empire.
Slide 32 - Tekstslide
6. Give two reasons why, in France particularly, there were strong nationalistic feelings.
Slide 33 - Open vraag
7. In your own words, explain the heading of this section: ‘The Armed Peace’.
Slide 34 - Open vraag
Slide 35 - Tekstslide
The Balkans
Germany had made an alliance with Austria-Hungary; though a powerful empire, it had internal problems. It was a large, multi-ethnic state and many peoples wanted to have their own nation state. But the Austrian-Hungarian emperor wanted to increase his influence in the Balkan area. He claimed Bosnia, which made the Serbian population very angry. The nationalists of Serbia dreamed of uniting Bosnia and Serbia together into a big Serbian sovereign state. They already had Russia as their ally. Because of all the tension, the Balkan area was called ‘the powder keg of Europe’. It is not so strange that the direct cause of World War I came from here.
‘Balkan Troubles’. The heads of the European empires sitting on a tinder box. Political cartoon in a British magazine, 1912.
Slide 36 - Tekstslide
21. Study the source. Why was the Balkan area known as the powder keg of Europe? Use an element of the source in your answer.
Slide 37 - Open vraag
Slide 38 - Video
22. To identify the four main causes of the World War I, the word MAIN can help you. If you break the word apart, every letter is the first letter of a main cause. Of each, explain why this was a cause of WW1. - Militarism - Alliances - Imperialism - Nationalism
If you already made a note about this, you can just reply: see notes!
Slide 39 - Open vraag
Finally, here you can write down a question about something from this lesson that you don't fully understand yet.
Slide 40 - Open vraag
The Schlieffen Plan
German general von Schlieffen knew that his country would face a hard time fighting a two-front war with France and Russia. Because of this, he devised a strategy. According to his plan, the Germans started to built up railways from the Western border towards the Eastern. In case of war he would send his troops to France first, because he expected that the Russians would need weeks, maybe months to prepare their army for war. He predicted that he could defeat the French within a few weeks, because he would surprise them. The German army would evade the strongly defended French-German border by passing through Belgium. He predicted that the Belgians would let the German army pass through so it could invade northern France and head straight for Paris. He also expected that the French would surrender after their capital was lost. The German soldiers would then be put on trains towards the Eastern Front to fight the Russians. The strategy was named after the general and became known as the Schlieffen Plan.
general Alfred von Schlieffen
Slide 41 - Tekstslide
Start of the Lesson Task: 1. Why did Germany want to avoid fighting a two-front war? 2. What two-front war were they facing? 3. And how did they plan to prevent a two-front war?
Slide 42 - Open vraag
Slide 43 - Video
congratulations
congratulations
Slide 44 - Tekstslide
The Alliances
summarizing the Alliances and their ambitions and concerns
Slide 45 - Tekstslide
democratic monarchy
colonial empire where "the sun never sets"
largest navy (needed to protect the empire)
does not want Germany to build a larger navy
1. Great Britain
The Allies
Slide 46 - Tekstslide
democratic republic
lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871
wants revenge
fears growing military power of Germany
2. France
The Allies
Slide 47 - Tekstslide
absolute monarchy (emperor Nicholas II)
large, but backward country (90% peasants)
no modern industry
3. Russia
The Allies
Slide 48 - Tekstslide
absolute monarchy (emperor Wilhelm II)
only one state since the unification of 1871
wants "it's place under the sun" (= colonies)
modern industry
largest army
wants to build larger fleet than Britain
1. Germany
The central Powers
Slide 49 - Tekstslide
absolute monarchy (emperor Franz Joseph)
internal problems (multi-ethnic state)
no modern industry, no colonies
has annexed (= conquered) Bosnia
2. Austria-Hungary
The central Powers
Slide 50 - Tekstslide
an empire in decline
had lost much territory on the Balkans
3. Ottoman Empire
The central Powers
Slide 51 - Tekstslide
Only joined the Central Powers during WW1 (1915)
had a score to settle with Serbia
4. Bulgaria
The central Powers
Slide 52 - Tekstslide
Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.
a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.
Slide 53 - Tekstslide
Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best.
nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.
Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.