6.1 the Industrial Revolution

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

6.1 The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

1750-1900

• The arrival of machines has changed the way people produce: from manual to machine production
• We call this change the Industrial Revolution

Not only the way of production is changing enormously: the arrival of steam trains is also bringing major changes in the transport of people and goods.

England

around 1700

• Powerful country with a huge empire that stretched all over the world.
• The population of England was growing, so more clothing was needed.
• Much clothing was made from cotton, which was picked by slaves on plantations, and wool.

Het Britse Rijk omstreeks 1700

Shooting coil

1733

• To make clothes faster, you have to be able to weave faster.
• The Englishman John Kay invented the shooting coil. With this you can weave much faster than by hand.
• The shuttle was not yet a real machine: it was operated by hand.

Spinning Jenny

1764

• If you can weave faster, you also need more thread.
• James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny allowed you to spin 8 and later 16 wires at the same time

Cotton Gin

1793

• Because spinning and weaving went much faster, more cotton was also needed.
• To get the seeds out of cotton fluff faster, the American Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin ("Cotton engine").
• Slavery also rose: many more slaves were needed to pick the cotton ...

Steam engine

around 1764 

• The first working steam engine of the Industrial Revolution was that of Thomas Newcomen around 1705
• Only with the improvements of James Watt could the steam engine really be used

De Engelsman James Watt voerde een aantal belangrijke veranderingen door in Newcomen's stoommachine waardoor het gebruik en de inzet makkelijker werden.

What can you do with a steam engine?

write down 1 advantage of the steam engine

write down 1 disadvantage of the steam engine

Changes through

the steam engine 

• Emptying of mines, allowing you to go deeper into the ground (resources)
• Old energy sources (wind, muscle and water power) are slowly being replaced
• Steam engine can be placed anywhere, not just on the water

Doordat de vraag naar delfstoffen (ijzer en steenkool voor de machines) sterk toenam, moest er steeds dieper worden gegraven. Met stoommachines werd het grondwater weggepompt.

Industrial Revolution

1750-1900

• The arrival of machines has changed the way people produce: from manual to machine
• We call this change the Industrial Revolution

Niet alleen de manier van produceren verandert enorm: ook de komst van stoomtreinen brengt grote veranderingen in het vervoer van mensen en goederen.

from small-scale manual production in the cottage industry ...

... to large-scale machine production in factories