LAST LESSON CHAPTER 5

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

TEST ON GENETICS & EVOLUTION

• The test has a HAVO- and a VWO-section. 
  
• You write all your answers in the 'writing section' in exam.net (on the bottom of this page). 
  
• On the top of your test, write down whether you have made the HAVO- or VWO-test.
  
• Please number your answers & click 'enter' before you continue with the next question. So, write down; 

I have made the HAVO test. 
1. a. your answer  
b. your answer.  etc. 

• When you have to use a Punnett-square, please use the 'table' function to make the Punnett-square. 
  
• Follow all the steps carefully until you read 'click on 'examen indienen' or 'submit exam' to hand in your work'. 
  
• You have 50 minutes to complete the test. When you have extra time, you have 60 minutes to complete the test. 
  
• You may now scroll to your section. GOOD LUCK!

Any questions about the test?

Normal body cell: 46 chromosomes

Organised in 23 homologous pairs. 

Each pair has two matching chromosomes. 

How can you tell this is a male karyotype? 

To inherit = to receive a characteristic from an ancestor by genetic transmission. 

• Genotype = complete set of all inherited characteristics. 
• Homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive & heterozygous

• Phenotype = set of characteristics that are seen/expressed. 
• So; this person does have hemophilia and this person doesn't.

Phenotype = genotype + pattern of gene expression + environmental factors. 

Oliver says: 'all humans have the same genes, but not the same alleles'. Charley says: 'all humans have the same alleles, but not the same genes'. Who is right?

1. Oliver
2. Charley
3. They both are
4. They are both wrong

The molecule
shown in the
picture is called ...

1. DNA
2. RNA
3. an amino acid
4. a ribosome

The structure
shown in the picture is called a...

The building blocks for proteins are called ...

1. DNA
2. RNA
3. Amino acids
4. Ribosomes

Allele = a variation of 

a gene. 

So the gene for

hemoglobin (Hb) has

two alleles:

HbA 

HbS

Alleles =

DO YOU REMEMBER?

DO YOU REMEMBER?

Autosomes

Autosomes

'Normal' genes

AA - Aa - aa

Sex chromosomes

Sex-linked genes

XHXH - XHXh - XhXh 

XHY - XhY

PEDIGREES

TIP TO STUDY: 

• Make sure you recognize & know the terms (for example by using flashcards)
  
• PRACTISE PRACTISE PRACTISE. Do the exercises (again)
• Ask questions when you are struggling to solve one of the questions or do not understand why a certain answer is right. 
• Watch the Youtube videos that we have watched in class again! Stated Cleary & Amoeba sisters! 

HOMEWORK 5.5. QUESTIONS 9A & 9B

a. What do you think is meant by the term ‘autosomal dominant’?

b. A woman, whose father has Huntington’s disease, has a baby together with her husband. Ten years later, the woman has a genetic test which reveals she has Huntington’s disease. Her husband does not have the disease. What is the probability that their child will develop Huntington’s disease? Use a Punnet square!

HOMEWORK 5.6. QUESTION 2

Haemophilia (X-linked) runs in Femke’s family: her father has haemophilia. However, both Femke and her boyfriend Sytze do not have haemophilia.

a. What is Femke’s genotype? Explain your thinking.

b. What is Sytze’s genotype? Explain your thinking.

c. Femke’s mother does not have haemophilia. What might her genotype be?.

d. Does Sytze’s mother have haemophilia? Explain your thinking