Imperatives

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Welcome to today's English lesson!

With Mrs Winkel

Take out your books and start reading, please 

By the end of this lesson, you...

...know how to give orders, instructions and commands in English (imperatives). 

... know how to use the auxiliary verbs.

... practised with the present perfect.

...have worked on the weektask (unit 4)

Imperatives: gebruik

Stand up!

Don't speak.

Whisk for two minutes. 

Wanneer gebruik je een imperative?

Imperatives: gebruik

Stand up. 

Eat your dinner. 

Whisk for two minutes. 

Wanneer gebruik je een imperative?

--> Je gebruikt imperatives om een commando, instructie of bevel te geven.  (NL: gebiedende wijs)

Waar of wanneer kom je deze vorm tegen? (bv: in de klas)

Imperatives: vorm

Stand up. 

Eat your dinner. 

Whisk for two minutes.

Regel: 'imperatives' beginnen met het hele werkwoord van de handeling die jij of iemand anders moet doen. 

Imperatives: 

Stand up. 

Eat your dinner. 

Whisk for two minutes.

Regel: do you know the rule?

Imperatives: negatives

Don't stand up. 

Don't eat your dinner. 

Don't whisk for two minutes.

Regel: Zet Don't vooraan de zin. 

Imperative:
Steek niet over!

1. Cross not the road.
2. You cross not the road.
3. Don't cross the road.

What is an imperative?

1. A question
2. A sentence
3. To give orders or advise to someone

Wat is de imperative?

1. Een zin dat emotie uitdrukt.
2. Een zin dat een situatie beschrijft.
3. Een zin dat een vraag stelt.
4. Een zin waarin een bevel of advies zit.

Imperative:
Wees op tijd!

1. You must be on time!
2. You have to be on time!
3. Be on time!

which sentence is written in imperative?

1. Run away! As fast as you can!
2. Can you run away, please?
3. My mother never told me to run.
4. Did he run away?

present perfect 

present perfect

Bevestigend (+)	Ontkennend (-)	Vragend (?)
I have worked hard.	I haven't worked hard.	Have I worked hard?
You have worked hard.	You haven't worked hard.	Have you worked hard?
He has worked hard.	He hasn't worked hard.	Has he worked hard?
She has worked hard.	She hasn't worked hard.	Has she worked hard?
It has worked hard.	It hasn't worked hard.	Has it worked hard?
We have worked hard.	We haven't worked hard.	Have we worked hard?
You have worked hard.	You haven't worked hard.	Have you worked hard?
They have worked hard.	They haven't worked hard.	Have they worked hard?

present perfect

voltooid

tegenwoordige tijd

Present Perfect - irregular verbs

Bevestigend (+) have/has+3e rij onr.w.w.	Ontkennend(-) have/has+not+3e rij onr.w.w.	Vragend (?) have/has+...+ 3e rij onr.w.w.
I have been there.	I haven't been there .	Have I been there?
You have been there.	You haven't been there.	Have you been there?
He has been there.	He hasn't been there.	Has he been there.?
She has been there.	She hasn't been there.	Has she been there?
It has been there.	It hasn't been there.	Has it been there?
We have been there.	We haven't been there.	Have we been there?
You have been there .	You haven't been there.	Have you been there?
They have been there.	They haven't been there.	Have they been there?

Present Perfect

Wat is de present perfect?

1. toekomstige tijd
2. verleden tijd
3. onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd
4. voltooid tegenwoordige tijd

Present perfect:

Wat is de regel van de present perfect?

1. hele werkwoord + -ed. (worked)
2. shit rule= hele ww+ -s
3. vorm van to be (am/are/is) + hele werkwoord + -ing
4. have/has + voltooid deelwoord (helped, found)

Er zit een belangrijk verschil tussen de past simple en de present perfect. Sleep de tijd naar de regel die erbij hoort.

Iets is in het verleden begonnen en het resultaat is nog steeds merkbaar.

Iets is in het verleden begonnen en afgerond. Het is helemaal klaar.

Iets is in het verleden begonnen en is nog steeds zo. Het is onveranderd.

Past simple

Present perfect

Present perfect

PRESENT PERFECT:
the present perfect is used?

1. She had been working until late.
2. She have been working until late.
3. She has worked until late.
4. She has been working until late.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs  -  hulpwerkwoorden

Auxiliary verbs: must, have to, should

Positief	Vertaling
should	eigenlijk moeten
must	moeten
have to	moeten

Negatief	Vertaling
should n't	eigenlijk niet hoeven
must n't	Niet moeten/ hoeven
don't have to	niet hoeven

Auxiliary verbs: advies --> verplichting

weinig verplichting

veel verplichting

What is an auxiliary verb?

1. Dit woord bestaat niet
2. Dat zeg je als je per ongeluk een boer laat
3. Een hulpwerkwoord
4. Mevr. Winkel is de beste

What is the auxiliary verb (hulpwerkwoord) used in the present perfect tense?

1. Is
2. Have/Has
3. Will
4. Do

What is an auxiliary verb?

1. We have WORKED hard
2. We HAVE worked hard

Over to you...

Work on the exercises...

Unit 4: p. 130 ex.8

               p. 131 ex. 9

               p. 156 ex. 40

Homework: practise more Unit 4 lesson 1: 2 gr. 2 vocab.