Lesson 5: Engines and APU

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 2

Piston engines, gasturnbines and APU

Lesson goals

At the end of this lesson:

• Learn about prepositions and how to apply them in a sentence.
• Learn about the aircraft piston engines, gas turbines and APU (such as their functions and components). 
• Rehearse adverbs, adjectives, past simple and past continuous

Grammar time!

Fill in the gap with the appropriate adverb: She speaks English _______.

1. slowly
2. fluently
3. well
4. quick

Fill in the gap with the appropriate form of the past continuous tense: They _______ when the phone rang.

1. sleep
2. slept
3. are sleeping
4. were sleeping

Fill in the gap with the appropriate form of the past simple tense: She _______ her homework yesterday.

1. start
2. doing
3. finishes
4. completed

Fill in the gap with the appropriate adjective: The movie was _______ and entertaining.

1. funny
2. happy
3. exciting
4. sad

They ________ dinner when the power went out.

1. have
2. were having
3. are having
4. had

He ________ to the concert last night.

1. is going
2. went
3. has gone
4. goes

I ________ TV when she called me.

1. have watched
2. am watching
3. was watching
4. watched

Fill in the gap with the appropriate adverb: He drove _______ to the supermarket.

1. good
2. fast
3. quickly
4. slow

Prepositions (voorzetsels)

Prepositions of time:
Do you remember?
When do we use 'on'

1. days and calender days
2. months, years, seasons and parts of the day
3. clock times

Prepositions of time
They won an award ... 2018.

1. at
2. on
3. i n

Which preposition belongs here?
Joey is swimming ........ the ocean.

1. to
2. at
3. in
4. of

Prepositions:
I play football ... Thursday.

1. at
2. on
3. in
4. last

Why do they call it a reciprocating engine?

Why do they call it the reciprocating engine? 

• A reciprocating engine is an engine that uses one or more pistons in order to convert pressure into rotational motion.

Piston engine

• Go to exercise 1
  

You will have 10 minutes to name all the different components of a piston engine.

Exercise 1 - Piston engine

1. Spark plug​
   
2. Valve spring​
   
3. Exhaust valve​
   
4. Cylinder head​
   
5. Cooling water​
   
6. Piston​
   
7. Crankcase​
   
8. Crankshaft​
   
9. Connecting rod​
   
10. Cylinder block 

11. Combustion chamber​

12. Intake valve​

13. Mixture intake ​

14. Cam​

15. Camshaft 

Exercise 2 to 4 - Reading

• You will read a text about the gas turbine engine
  
• Make exercise 2 till 4

• Read the text about the gas turbine engine and the gas turbine engine axial and centrifugal compressors.
  

Done? Continue with exercise 5

Exercise 2 - Reading

1.  Name two similarities between a piston engine and a gas turbine. 
2.  What is the most important difference between the piston engine and the gas turbine engine? 
3. Name the components of which a gas turbine engine exists. 

Exercise 2

1. Name of two similarities between a piston engine and a gas turbine?

They develop power or thrust by burning a combustible mixture of fuel and air. Both convert the energy of the expanding gases into propulsive force.

2. What is the most important difference between the piston engine and the gas turbine engine?

In the piston engine the functions of intake, compression, combustion and exhaust all take place in the same combustion chamber. In the gas turbine engine, however, a separate section is devoted to each function and all functions are performed simultaneously without interruption.

3. Name the components of which a gas turbine engine exists.

Engine air inlet, rotating compressor, combustion chamber, driving turbines, tail pipe (or exhaust duct) and the jet nozzle.

Exercise 3 

1. What is the purpose of the turbojet?

2. What is the function of the compressor in a turbojet?

3. What are the two functions of the stator?

4. What is the goal of the plenum chamber?

Exercise 4

1. Currently =

2. Airfoil contour =

3. By virtue of =

4. Efficient directional change =

Exercise 3

1. What is the purpose of the turbojet? ​

A turbojet is a machine designed for the sole purpose of producing high-velocity gases at the jet nozzle. ​

​

2. What is the function of the compressor in a turbojet? ​

The gases created by a fuel and air mixture under normal atmospheric pressure do not expand enough to do useful work. The compressor compresses the fuel and air mixture, so these gases produce enough combustion so the piston engine or turbojet can operate.​ The more air that an engine can compress or use, the greater is the power or thrust that it can produce. 

Exercise 3

3. What are the two functions of the stator? ​

• They are designed to receive air from the air inlet duct or from each stage of the compressor and deliver it to the next stage or the burners at a workable speed and pressure. ​
  
• They control the direction of air to each rotor stage to abtain the maximum possible compressor blade efficiency. ​
  

4. What is the goal of the plenum chamber? ​

Air entering the centrifugal compressor must be moving at a relatively low speed for efficient directional change. This is accomplished by a plenum chaber. 

Exercise 3

1. Generate = develop power
   
2. Change = convert
   
3. Thrust = propulsive force
   
4. Stops = ceases
   
5. Occurs = take place
   
6. As a result = consequently
   
7. Smoothly = without interruption
   
8. Increases = raises
   
9. Rotate = revolve
   
10. Because = as

Exercise 4

1. Difference = similarity
   
2. Rear = front
   
3. Forced in = expelled
   
4. Dual = single
   
5. Minor = major

Exercise 5 

Centrifugal compressors 1. _________________________ by taking 2. _______________________ into the engine near the compressor 3. __________________________ at the front of the engine. The air is then 4. __________________________ at high speed by an 5_________________________ Centrifugal 6. _______________________________ carries the air to the 7. ____________________ of the impeller and 8._____________________________ its total pressure. The air is then collected by a 9.______________________________________that 10.________________________________the total pressure to static pressure. From the 11.___________________the air is 12.______________________________ to a 13._______________________ which 14. _______________________________ it to a series. 

Exercise 5

1. Installation, equipment, responsibility, manufacturer
   
2. Compression, divergent
   
3. Arrangements, lubrication, supply
   
4. Combustion, added, burned
   
5. Cooling, assembly, consequently, efficiency
   

POP Quiz

In the following slide, we're going to have a pop quiz for grammar. 

It will focus on: 

Present simple, present continuous, adverbs, conjunctions adjectives, and prepositions

Fill in the correct preposition:
He has been living......London for years

1. at
2. in
3. on

Prepositions of time
The movie starts ... 11 o'clock.

1. at
2. on
3. in
4. last

What are prepositions in Dutch?

1. voegwoorden
2. voorzetsels
3. lidwoorden
4. bijvoeglijke naamwoorden.

Adjectives & adverbs: The..........waterscooter

1. silent
2. silently

Adjectives & adverbs: They are sitting ........ with their phones

1. silent
2. silently

Which sentence uses the
Present Continuous?

1. Where did it go?
2. Swimming is fun
3. He always arrives late!
4. She is dancing beautifully

Which sentence uses the
Present Continuous?

1. Where did it go?
2. They were talking
3. He always arrives late!
4. She is dancing beautifully

Adjectives and adverbs
She dances ...... on the stage

1. wonderful
2. wonderfully

Adjectives and adverbs
She skates .... on those rollerblades!

1. fastly
2. fast

When do we use present continuous?

1. Actions that are currently in progress/limited duration
2. To express a bad habit/irritation
3. For arrangements/ Timetable appointments
4. All of these

Which ones are examples of adjectives?

1. run, play, sing, go
2. I, you, he, she, we, they
3. red, big, nice, cute
4. first, second, third

Adjectives and adverbs
Racehorses have to run really .... to get to the finish line.

1. quickly
2. quick

Which sentence is in the present continuous?

1. He walks to school every day.
2. He is walking to school at the moment.

Prepositions of time:

When do we use 'on'

1. days and calender days
2. months, years, seasons and parts of the day
3. clock times

Present Continuous
I __________ currently living in Amsterdam.

1. live
2. am living
3. lives
4. life

Choose between the present simple or present continuous

We ... our friends at the swimming pool at 3 pm.

1. meet
2. are meeting
3. are going to meet
4. will meet

Which of these words are signal words for the Present Continuous?
(More than one correct answer)

1. At the moment
2. Every Saturday
3. Now!
4. Often

Choose the right conjunction

He is always unfriendly,. . . . nobody like him.

1. while
2. because
3. and
4. therefore

Which conjunction fits best?

He is late for class .... he missed his train

1. While
2. Because
3. Cause
4. Therefore

Choose the right conjunction.

"I enjoy dancing, ... I like singing more."

1. and
2. so
3. but
4. because

Choose the right conjunction.

"I passed my exam, ... I studied a lot."

1. because
2. so
3. but
4. therefore

Which preposition belongs here?
Jamila is good .......... songwriting and painting.

1. about
2. at
3. for
4. in

See you next week