Versailles en consequenties

• Middelbare school

never again!

- consequences of “total war”

- trillions in economic damage

- millions of young men dead

- took way longer than expected

Stab in the back?

- Many germans in disbelief, "weren't we winning?"

- Were the Germans really betrayed?

NO chance of victory

- Spring offensive failed

- Germany lacks resources

- Austria-Hungary and Ottomans on brink of destruction

- Food shortages

- Morale plummetted 

First world war ends

- Destruction 600 year old Ottoman empire;

- Dissolution Austria Hungary;

- Fall of Tsarist Russia, replaced by Soviet Union;

- Destruction German Empire, replaced by Weimer Republic;

- Enormous amount of casualties;

- France is furious, wants harsh terms.

Fourteen Points

- Free Trade

- National self-determination

- Freedom of the seas

- Disarmament

- Democracy

Treaty of versailles

- Germany demilitarized

- Loss of territory

- Loss of colonies

- War reparations

- Signed under threat of continued war

Ottoman empire

- Treaty of Sevres

- Turkish war of independence

- Rise of "Ataturk" (father of the Turks)

- World war 1 is a complete disaster

- Massive depopulation

Ataturk's reforms

- "There are different cultures, but only one civilization, and that is the European one."

- Secularism/Kemalism

- Westernization, latin alphabet, sunday restday, gregorian calendar, alcohol legalized, closing religious courts.

- Abolishment caliphate/Religion under state rule

- Strengthening Turkish national identity

Austria Hungary

- Treaty of Trianon

- Completely dissolved

- Many new countries

- Hungary feels screwed over

New countries

- Poland

- Czechoslovakia

- Yugoslavia

- Latvia

- Estonia

- Lithuania

Russian civil war

- millions dead

- USSR formed

- Workers’ paradise?

Workbook

Together with your neighbour

1.4 exercise 1 ,2, 4 - 10

What you should know

- Treaty of Versailles and it's implications

- Who atatürk was

- What happened to Austria-Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empire