Modal verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Programme

• How are you?
• Must, should, need to, have to 
• Talk about the reading test you practised in week 4

Must + infinitive

- must + infinitive: moeten, personal necessity (persoonlijke noodzaak)

'We must go to the concert, it is supposed to be amazing!

- I must go to grandma this afternoon.

- must + infinitive: moeten, het kan niet anders.

My neighbour has 20 cats, she must be crazy.

They must be tired after such a long day.

Mustn´t + infinitive

mustn't + infinitive: niet mogen/moeten

Ex. I mustn't be home late. 

Ex.: We mustn´t eat the entire cake. 

Ex.: You mustn´t drive so fast, you´ll get a fine if you are not careful. 

Have to + infinitive

have to+ infinitive: obligations (verplichtingen van buitenaf opgelegd). Think about university, school, work, your parents, the government, the law.

Ex.: You have to pass the test to be considered for that university.

Ex.: You have to clean up your room if you want to get pocket money!

don´t/doesn´t have to + infinitive

don't/doesn't have to+ infinitive: niet hoeven (no obligations, geen verplichtingen).

Ex. You don't have to cook if you do not want to.

Ex.: She doesn´t have to go to bed early: it´s Saturday!

Ex.: I don´t have to go to the supermarket ; my mum has already been there.

Must and have to: summary

Have to and must both mean 'moeten' in Dutch 

The context in which you use them is different!

Must: personal necessities

Have to: obligation (when someone else tells you what to do: school, the law, the government, your parents, your job etc.)

Note: the difference between must and have to is slowly disappearing in modern day English.

Note!

The negatives of must (mustn´t) and have to (don´t/doesn´t have to) mean something different.

mustn´t: niet moeten/mogen

don´t/doesn´t have to: niet hoeven

Should + infinitive

should+ infinitive: zou eigenlijk moeten (advise or a suggestion)

Ex.: You should brush your teeth twice a day.

Ex.: They should help their eldery neighbour more often.

Ex. I should buy less clothes, but I simply can´t resist the sale.

Shouldn´t + infinitive

shouldn't + infinitive: zou eigenlijk niet moeten.

Ex.: He shouldn't eat so many chocolates.

Ex.: We shouldn't have been so rude to her.

Ex.: She shouldn´t buy so much food, it is not healthy.

Need to + infinitive

need + infinitive: moeten, personal necessity (persoonlijke noodzaak)

Ex: You need to check the train times before we leave.

You need to arrive early for your flight. 

Needn´t + infinitive

needn't have to+ infinitive: niet hoeven (no obligations, geen verplichtingen).

Ex. You needn't have to bring flowers!

Ex.: You needn't have to get up early: it´s Saturday!

It's Jane's birthday, I ... forget to ring her.

1. must
2. have to
3. need to
4. mustn't

You...be 18 to drive a car.

1. have to
2. must
3. should
4. mustn't

Do you think I ... buy this car?

1. have to
2. must
3. don't have to
4. should

Lisa, tell your brother he ... be in bed at 8 PM.

1. has to
2. must
3. should
4. mustn't

You watch tv all the time! You really ... do that.

1. have to
2. mustnt
3. shouldn't
4. don't have to