2.1 - Russian Revolution

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

2.1 - Russian Revolution

Industrial society

- Social class society -> Largest group was working class who were dependent on the factory owners

- Factories are competitive -> salaries low -> working class poor -> factory owners rich

Solution inequality = socialism

Founder Karl Marx with his book Das Kapital

Socialism

- kapitalism creates inequality

- Working class will revolt against inequality -> labourers wil win this war of the social classes and abolish private property -> no private property = no inequality

Within socialism 2 movements

Social democracy

Communism

Social democracy

- Moderate movement -> no violence to achieve goal -> reach goal through government

- Trying to add socialist laws 

-> through politics -> now: PVDA

- Debolish all private property also not needed

Communism

- Radical movement -> achieve goal through violence/revolt

- Debolish all private property in order to abolish social class sysyem

1st communist revolution

Russian Revolution 1917

Whole of Europe and the world in shock

Rusland before 1917

- 1900 Russia full of argiculture, almost no industrialisation -> Most of the farming land in hands of rich noble families -> Farmers bad social position and poor

- Russia is no democracy -> The Romanov family in charge for centuries -> absolutism with no room for critique -> secret police keeping a close eye on dissidents

Dissatisfaction Russian people

Dissatisfaction -> increased due to losing war with Japan 1905 -> The people want change and a voice -> 

Protest in capital St. Petersburg for more political freedom -> reaction of the Tsar was violence -> 10.000 dead -> start of the duma (parliament with limited power)

Russia in WWI

Massive losses in WWI -> millions of Russian casualties  -> many farmers in the army -> food shortage Russia  -> Demonstrations and strikes -> start Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution 1917 in 3 phases

February revolution

Oktober revolution 

Civil war

February revolution

- february 1917

- Army and Duma (parliament) no longer support the Tsar (Russian for king) -> Tsar Nicolas II steps down -> temporary new government -> they want to stop fighting in WWI but don't have enough support in governememt

Oktober revolution

- Bolsheviks = Russian communists -> leader Vladimir Lenin -> radical demands: all farming land to the farmers, all the factories to labourers and peace with Germany -> no democracy but labourers and soldiers governing themselves in committees called soviets

- The Romanov family gets killed

- Bolsheviks don't have support from everyone -> but they proceed and replace the temporary government anyway

Civil war

- Lenin calls a truce with Germany in December 1917 -> peace of Brest-Litovsk March 1918

- Many Russians happy with end WWI but don't want communism -> civil war between bolsheviks (communists) en de 'Whites' (tegenstanders)

- The Bolsheviks win in 1922

- After Civil war start of the Soviet Union -> one party state (Communist Party)

Beginning of Soviet Union 1922