Respiration (1)

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RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS

Topics

• Types of respiration

• Respiration in other organisms

• Respiration in Human beings

• L. Obj

• To understand the types of respiration and mechanism of respiration in lower organisms

Breathing

• What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

Respiration

• It is the process by which food is burnt in the cells of the body with the help of oxygen to release energy. It takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. The energy released is in the form of ATP molecules.

ADP –Adenosine Di- Phosphate

ATP – Adenosine Tri- Phosphate

• The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesize a molecule called ATP which is used to fuel all other activities in the cell. In these processes, ATP is broken down giving rise to a fixed amount of energy which can drive the endothermic reactions taking place in the cell.

• Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes which finally terminate in balloon-like structures which are called alveoli. The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood-vessels. As we have seen in earlier years, when we breathe in, we lift our ribs and flatten our diaphragm, and the chest cavity becomes larger as a result. Because of this, air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body. During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.

Breathing rate differs in different organisms

Qs to be discussed :

1. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Which is more effective? Why?

2. What are the products formed in the absence of oxygen by the break down of glucose?

3. What is the significance of rings of cartilage in the throat?

4. What are the functions of alveoli?

Home Assignment:
Answer the following qs in your assessment note book.

• 1. What is ATP and write its full form? List the endo-thermal reactions in which ATPs are used inside the cell.

• 2. What is the importance of residual volume of air in the lungs?

• 3. The rate of breathing in aquatic animals is more than terrestrial animals. Justify

• 4. How are alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?

• 5. What is the main role of respiratory pigment in our blood?

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Career Exit Pathway

• Pulmonologist - is a person who is specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases.

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