Literature Havo 4 VWO 4- 2023/24
Engels - Period 4
Lesduur is: 450 minOnderdelen in deze les
Engels - Period 4
What will the test be about?
1 novel- The Midnight Library
Poetry - Contents of stencil in combination with Lesson Up up to and including The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
You will not be allowed to use a dictionary or a copy of the book you read
during the test
The test in TW4 is 20% of your mark this year and for HAVO 4, also 20% of your School Exams average.
Why study Literature?
It will help your reading skills, expand your vocabulary and give you some knowledge of the world.
Also ....
What is the best book/poem you have ever read (in any language)?
Lesson 1
The origins of English
Make notes in your handout on the things mentioned in today's lesson!
Language family tree
English comes from the Germanic family which makes Dutch a distant cousin.
English spread so far that 400 million people speak it as their first language and 1,5 billion as their second.
Languages change over time as people move due to increasing populations, war, and famine. The languages mix together to create something new.
And just to prove that's how languages move
Now answer the questions in your stencil about the beginnings of the English language!
5
minute
00
second
Write down the words you recognise while you listen!
Lesson aims
- Introduction to Shakespeare
- Romeo & Juliet - Synopsis
- Task 2 - Balcony scene
- Task 3 - Apothecary scene
- Task 4 - Dramatic Irony
- Task 5 - Shakespeare's idiom
- Task 6 - Star cross'd
- Task 7 - Your song!
Whoch aspects of this lesson can you expect to see in the test in TW 4?
You should ...:
... be able to explain what the English Renaissance was.
... be able to explain what Dramatic Irony is.
... be able to explain what Interpretation is.
... know the basic storyline of Romeo & Juliet
What do you know about Shakespeare?
Write down in English what you know about Shakespeare.
English Renaissance 1500-1670
During the 16th century, many English playwrights andpoets used Italian stories and poetry as an inspiration.
The term Renaissance means ‘rebirth’. Before this period,during the Middle Ages, writers used to focus on the absolute power of God and the church was very powerful.
Huge cultural shifts occurred in Elizabethan England. The Catholic Church became less powerful and people became
more tolerant and classical Greek and Roman stories were became sources of inspiration.
Erasmus, a Dutch Renaissance humanist, had already published books about this way of thinking at the very beginning of the 16th century.
In England, WilliamShakespeare started to create more ‘human’ characters in his plays and was the first writer to bring these
Renaissance characters into the theatres.
Which words did Shakespeare invent?
Bandit
Critic
Lonely
Swagger
Unreal
Uncomfortable
Puke
Hurry
Eyeball
Bedazzle
Match the Dutch translations to these famous sayings invented by Shakespeare!
In een notendop
Doet er niet toe
Dwaalspoor
Te veel van het goede
Neither here nor there
Wild goose chase
Too much of a good thing
In a nutshell
Young blood: Romeo and Juliet
What do you know about Romeo and Juliet?
Romeo and Juliet
In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare pictured two warring families from Verona in the north of Italy; the Montagues and the Capulets. It is the year of 1302.
Teenagers Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet met at a party and fell in love. Because of a family feud they had to meet in secret.
In Verona, these two important families fought over religion and politics: the Montagues supported the Holy Roman Emperor and the Capulets supported the Holy Pope.
In 16th century England people were also divided by religion and politics: Catholicism and Protestantism. Religion was very important and people were prepared to die for their beliefs.
Hiding your religion was part of everyday life, because it was not always safe to make your beliefs known. Many spectators who watched Romeo and Juliet at the Globe Theatre would have been familiar with warring families.
The Balcony Scene
The famous balcony scene
What it really looks like!
But what happens next
and how it ends ...
... spoiler alert!
Apothecary scene
In the fifth act Romeo, who is banned from Verona after he ended up killing a Capulet named Tybalt, is waiting for news. Juliet was supposed to marry Paris, another Capulet, but had already married Romeo in secret, with help from friar Laurence. She has taken a sleeping potion to avoid the forced marriage. Now Balthasar, Romeo’s servant, delivers the news that Juliet’s ‘body sleeps’. Tragically, Romeo thinks Juliet is dead. He decides to buy poison.
Task 2
One of Shakespeare’s best known lines is Juliet’s exclamation: ‘O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?’ She is clearly frustrated, because Romeo is a Montague and she is a Capulet. Read lines 34-36.
What is Juliet really suggesting there?
She suggests that either he refuses to be a Montague anymore,
or she will give up her family name.
She suggests that either he changes allegiances,
or she changes hers.
She suggests that either he will stop carrying his name,
or she will stop carrying hers.
Tasks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
Now go to your English studyplanner in Magister Learn
Click on Literature - Young Blood and try:
Opdracht 2 about the Balcony Scene
Opdracht 3 about the Apothecary Scene
Opdracht 4 about Dramatic Irony
Opdracht 5 about Shakespeare's words
Opdracht 6 about Interpretation
You can check answers yourself, but pay attention to any mistakes you make and ask your teacher if there is something you don't understand!
Now find your own favourite (love) song and copy a part of the lyrics. Use Shmoop to translate these lyrics into Shakespearean English.
Remember the lyrics so you can post it on the next slide
Task 2
To what does Romeo compare Juliet?
He compares her with the sun (line 2).
He compares her with the moon’s maid (line 5)
He compares her with a bright angel (line 26)
He calls her a winged messenger of heaven (line 28)
Task 2
What special qualities and features of Juliet does Romeo mention?
Her fairness (beauty) (line 5)
Her twinkling eyes (lines 14-16)
Her bright cheek (line 18)
Task 3
Why does the apothecary agree to break the law by selling poison?
He agrees to break the law, because he is poor and needs the money
Task 3
Going back to Verona, what is Romeo planning to do with the poison?
He wants to take the poison himself and join Juliet in death.
Task 3
Explain in your own words the meaning of Romeo’s saying: ‘There is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls, doing more murders in this loathsome world than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell.’ (lines 80-82).
It means that money is more evil and poisonous to men than poison itself.
Task 3
Shakespeare created ‘human’ characters in his stories, they were not flat characters. Having read parts of the second and fifth act, select one of his characters and explain what, in your eyes, makes this character ‘human’.
Romeo: he is very much in love, he can be aggressive (he killed Tybalt), he is desperate, , he breaks the law;
Juliet: she is desperately in love, she is frustrated, she takes risks to be with her lover; the
Apothecary: he is desperate, hungry and greedy, he breaks the law.
Task 4
Task 5
See your own answers!
Task 6
How does the lover in this story literally copy Romeo’s behaviour?
He compares the girl to the sun, he adores her beauty
(see Romeo & Juliet, Fragment 1, line 2).
What other typical Romeo and Juliet story details do
you recognise? Name at least two more details.
-the setting is Italian (ice-cream carts),
-a family feud/warring families,
- people fighting,
- lovers who have a secret bond,
- being heartbroken.
Task 6
At the end of the original story, the two fighting families change.
As a result of all the tragic events, Shakespeare forces
them to end their feud. This tells the audience (or the
reader) that sometimes it takes a significant tragedy
to overcome certain (political) problems.
Laura Dockrill’s seaside story has a different ending.
Her message: a family feud is just people fighting over
nothing.
Do you agree or disagree with Dockrill?
What makes a poem a poem?
Answer the questions on the correct page of your stencil
Check!
Let's see if you got all the answers!
What makes a poem a poem?
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic traditionally associated with poetry? D. Paragraphs
2. What does Reinhard Dohl’s “Apfel” have in common with e.e. cummings’ “l(a)”?
B. The visual arrangement of words is important to the meaning of each poem
3. What does RAP stand for? A. Rhythm and Poetry
4. In what way was Joanna Smith’s tweet like a poem? A. Smith used condensed language to create a powerful image
5. What is a haiku? A. type of poem that consists of three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables
6. The word poetry comes from the Greek “poiesis.” What does this word mean? C. To make
7. Which of the following was not an example from the lesson that challenged a traditional concept of poetry? B. Debates
Which lyric was written by CHAT GPT?
A
B
C
D
Look at page of your handout; The pleasures of poetic pattern
The Pleasure of Poetic Pattern
1. We are creatures of repetition within our own bodies. Which bodily functions involve rhythm and repetition?
E. B) and C) only
2. Which of the following is an example of repetition in language?
D. Both A) and B)
3. A repeated pattern of stressed syllables is known as:
D. Alliteration
4. The repetition of vowel sounds is called:
A. Assonance
5. Rhyme at the end of lines of poetry or in a song:
C. Creates expectations for the listener of a pleasurable pattern
Check!
Let's see if you got all the answers!
Lesson 4 - Poetical devices
You are now going to look at different tools writers use in their writing to connect with the reader. Make sure you make notes in the space given on page 11 in your stencil.
What is figurative language?
Figurative language is a way of expressing oneself that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning. Common in comparisons and exaggerations, it's usually used to add creative flourish to written or spoken language or explain a complicated idea.
Need some more examples of the devices on page 15? Use these links!
Try to match the literary devices to the songs in which they are used
Now let's see if you got them!
Hyperbole
"I'll be needing stiches"
Simile - Assonance
Alliteration
Metaphor
Assonance
Similie
Smells like teen spirit
Onomatopoeia
Verbal Irony
So, so what?
I'm still a rock star, I got my rock moves
And I don't need you and guess what?
I'm having more fun and now that we're done
I'm gonna show you tonight
I'm alright, I'm just fine
And you're a tool
So, so what?
I am a rock star
I got my rock moves
And I don't want you tonight
I'm just fine
And you're a tool
So, so what?
I am a rock star
I got my rock moves
And I don't want you tonight
Dramatic Irony
It's been a long
A long time coming, but I know
A change gon' come
Oh yes, it will
Then, I go to my brother
And I say, "Brother, help me, please"
But he winds up knockin' me
Back down on my knees, oh
1960s
2000s
Now we are going to look at Sonnet 18 in more detail...first have a listen!
Find the Assonance, Consonance and Alliteration
Assonance - repeated vowel sounds
Consonance - repeated consonant
sounds
Alliteration - front rhyme using
repeated consonants
Iambic pentameter
‘Penta’ means five, so pentameter simply means five meters. A line of poetry written in iambic pentameter has five feet = five sets of unstressed syllables and stressed syllables.
In Flanders Fields
Background knowledge
Look at page 17 of your handout and try to answer the questions with the your brain and/or the internet.
Page 11 of your handout -try to fill in the missing words
Take up our quarrel with the foe,
To you, from failing hands, we throw
The torch: be yours to hold it high,
If ye break faith with us who die,
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow,
In Flanders Fields
In Flanders fields the poppies blow,
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place: and in the sky,
The larks still bravely singing fly,
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the dead: Short days ago,
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved: and now we lie,
In Flanders fields!
Now, on pages 19 and 20, try to answers the questions
b)
1.The sky was beautiful this morning at dawn
2.Last summer, I heard larks singing every day.
3.I’m a religious person, so I have faith in God.
4.In battle, armies try to defeat their foe
5.The Flanders region was the scene of terrible loss of life during the Great War.
6.Last night’s sunset was incredible –the whole sky turned red and orange.
7.I had a quarrel with my brother last week, but we are friends again now.
8.He passed the torch to me so I could see the way.
Flanders part of Belgium where there
was heavy fighting duringWWI
foe enemy
lark bird that sings beautifully
scarce hardly at all
dawn time when the sun comes up
in the morning
sunset time when the sun goes down
in the evening
quarrel fight/argument
torch light that can be carried
ye Old English word, used for “you”
faith belief in someone/something
:
.
More answers
1.Who were the dead in the poem? How old were they, do you think?
The soldiers who had died fighting – young – under 18 sometimes
2.Why did McCrae choose to write the poem as if it were spoken by the dead?
Has more impact than when living people would say the same thing - emotional_
3.Who are the dead speaking to? What if we forget what happened to them?
The soldiers left alive – they will not sleep and will have died for nothing if they don’t carry on fighting
Lesson 5
In Flanders fields - rhyme and rhythm
Look at page 21 and 22 of your handout and try to answer questions 1-4
In Flanders fields the poppies blow, A
Between the crosses row on row, A
That mark our place: and in the sky, B
The larks still bravely singing fly, B
Scarce heard amid the guns below. A
We are the dead; Short days ago, A
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, A
Loved and were loved: and now we lie, B
In Flanders fields! C
Take up our quarrel with the foe, A
To you, from failing hands we throw A
The torch; be yours to hold it high. B
If ye break faith with us who die, B
We shall not sleep though poppies grow, A
In Flanders Fields C
1.How many syllables are there in each line of the poem?(Count them)
8 or 4
2.Why did McCrae choose to have a different number of syllables in each line?
c)The lines with fewer syllables are different from the other lines, so they make us stop, think and remember.
4.Why do you think some lines do not rhyme with the others?
b) The lines that do not rhyme break the rhyme pattern and make us stop, think and remember
Imagery
Enjambment
Symbolism
Personification
The clouds cried tears of grief over the sad city.
Imagery:
Imagery is used to make the readers perceive things with their five senses.
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Enjambment:
It is defined as thought in a verse that does not come to an end at a line break;
rather, it rolls over to the next line to change the speed of the poem.
To you, from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high
Personification:
Personification is to give human characteristics to non-human objects.
The larks still bravely singing fly
Symbolism:
Symbolism is using symbols to signify ideas and qualities, giving them symbolic meanings that are different from the literal meanings.
The torch; be yours to hold it high,
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Now open up your laptops and log in to the Lesson Up to practice figurative language
That man is like a grumpy bear when he is angry
Onomatopoeia
Similie
Metaphor
Alliteration
A big beautiful bear brought happiness to the baby
Similie
Onomatopoeia
Metaphor
Alliteration
'Baby you're a firework'
Alliteration
Onomatopoeia
Similie
Metaphor
Gah! Her voice sounds likes nails on a chalkboard.
Onomatopoeia
Similie
Alliteration
Metaphor
And so today, my world it smiles Your hand in mine, we walk the miles,
personification
repetition
simile
consonance
In the poem I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud, 'dancing daffodils' is an example of:
assonance
alliteration
consonance
It only flows in passionate throes
assonance
consonance
alliteration
onomatopoeia
A hOst, of gOlden daffOdils;
assonance
consonance
alliteration
metaphor
Which one is a hyperbole?
Into that silent sea
She’s a curvy woman
I am so hungry I could eat a horse
It is a bit chilly here
Hyperbole is:
making something more beautiful
making something less beautiful
an exaggeration
an understatement
What the difference between irony and sarcasm?
Nothing it's the same
Sarcasm is mend to hurt someone
The irony is when an event or response occurs that is the _________ of what is expected.
opposite
similar
related to
quite similar
“What a pleasant day” (when it is raining heavily)
verbal irony
dramatic irony
situational irony
4. Which of the following represents an abstract connection?
A. “the crack of the sails”
B. “the burbling of water”
C. “Ghost -quiet”
D. “Against hull”
5. Which of these represents a cliché?
A. Red as a rose
B. Love began on a beach
C. Annette in her stewed-cherry dress
D. It began that day ….
1. Which of the following purposes does fiction serve?
A. To cast a spell
B. To create a momentary illusion
C. To engage the senses
D. All of the above
2. What modes of entertainment engage our senses directly?
A. Reading fiction
B. Stage
C. Screen
D. Both B and C
3. If non-tactile language is used in fiction:
A. The spell cast by the fiction may be weak
B. The reader might be immersed in the story
C. The reader might understand what the character feels like, but not what the character feels.
D. All of the above.
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
by James Thurber
Today's Lesson
Today's Lesson Objectives, you will:
- understand what Modernism is
- understand what a stream of consciousness is.
- understand the difference between a reliable or unreliable
narrator.
- know more about the story itself
- work on Tasks 2,3,4,5,6 online about the story
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is a short story written in 1939 by James Thurber.
Appeared in The New Yorker magazine and was later added to his book n 'My World and Welcome to It'.
It is one of the most included stories when anthologies are compiled of similar works.
It has been filmed in 1947 and 2013, as well as performed in theatres.
These adaptations do not always stick to the original story but expand on its ideas!
Now for the plot
Here is a trailer for the most recent adaptation of The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
We'll read the original story in a moment!
Modernism
The short story was part of a 'cultural movement' called Modernism... here is a brief introduction. You may take notes!
Modernism
Modernism was set in motion by the Great War, which
divided Europe from 1914 to 1918, known now as World
War I. The stories about this “War to End All Wars” were so
horrific that afterwards people wanted to break with many
traditions. The horrors of World War II, from 1939 to 1945,
helped strengthen this idea.
Modernist writers wanted to “make it new!” They also wanted to change the way people think about truth and
reality. Rather than concentrating on the outside world, they started to focus on the ‘inner self’ and the workings of consciousness.
Various forms of new writing were tried out. In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, James Thurber used the
stream-of-consciousness technique, in which the reader follows the private thoughts of Walter Mitty
Stream of Conciousness
James Thurber uses the stream of consciousness as a
literary technique. He writes down, in detail, the thought
processes and fantasies of Walter Mitty. Each fantasy in
Mitty’s head is triggered by objects or actions in real life.
It is humorous to see how heroic he becomes in his
daydreams.
a literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings,
and reactions are depicted in a continuous flow
uninterrupted by objective description or conventional
dialogue.
Reliable or unreliable narrator?
Now listen to the story and read along in your stencil!
While listening to the story, focus on a few things:
- the plot of the story
- reliable or unreliable narrator
- stream of consciousness
- modernism
This will help you with the
questions afterwards and the online tasks!
What are the four imaginary situations Walter finds himself in?
Skater, Banker, Witness, Firing Squad
Pilot, Banker, Witness,Firing Squad
Driver, Surgeon, Witness, Pilot
Pilot, Surgeon, Witness,Firing Squad
How does this story fit into the style of the Modernism movement?
It looks at the 'inner self'
It was published in 1979
It has a beginning, middle and an end
A,B, and C
Walter Mitty is an unreliable narrator? How does the reader know this?
The story is told from the 1st person perspective
The reader has to interpret the story for themselves.
Only A is correct
Both A and B are correct
What is a 'stream of consciousness'?
Now go to Of Course - Literature - The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and try Tasks 3,4,5 and 6
Finished? Ask me what to do next!
Task 2
a - Describe Mitty's heroic role in the second daydream.
- heroic surgeon who fixes a anesthetic machine
b - What triggers the second daydream?
Name two important story details.
1 - He puts on his gloves (like a surgeon)
2 - He drives past a hospital.
3 - Dr Renshaw is mentioned by his wife.
Task 3
a - Walter Mitty’s dominant character trait is that he is a lonely dreamer. What do you think he is
escaping from during his mental
escapades?
- his wife who 'nags' him a lot.
Task 3
b - What is Mitty’s real character like, in contrast to the characters in his fantasies? Name at least three things.
1 - forgetful (vergeetachtig)
2- Indecisive (besluiteloos)
3 - Submissive (onderdanig)
4 - weak (zwak)
Task 3
c - Explain the title: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.
He is often day-dreaming so he has a real life and a secret life
Task 3
d - Did this title work well for a modernist writer in the year 1939? Explain your answer.
Yes. Modernist writers focused on 'the inner self'; people's thoughts feelings and reactions. The Modernist period was around 1910 to 1960, and WWII was starting around the time the book came out.
Task 4
b - The story contains more stereotypes of male and female roles and behaviours that were common in 1939, when the story was written. Name two of them.
1 - male surgeons / female nurses
2 - male parking attendants
3 - wife gets hair done
while man 'works'.
4 - 'newsboy' on the streets
Task 4
In Walter Mitty, James Thurber created a stereotype.
a - Read the following descriptions. Which stereotype do you think represents Walter Mitty best?
1 - An ignorant American who says silly things about the world.
2 - A middle-class American whose daily work is unfulfilling and meaningless
3 - A materialistic American who cares about nothing but money.
Task 5
a - In Walter Mitty’s story, is the narrator a reliable or an unreliable narrator? Explain your answer.
- Unreliable, as Walter's day-dreaming means the
reader has to work out what is happening. Everything
that happens is seen from Walter's 1st person
perspective. His day-dreaming also distorts the truth,
making it hard for the reader to know what is real!
Task 5
b - Reading this short story, do the first lines show you that you are dealing with a reliable or an unreliable narrator? Explain your answer.
Yes - he is day-dreaming.
No - the first few lines don't let the reader
know that Walter is day-dreaming
Task 5
c - The narrator does not show us the thoughts of Mrs Mitty. How do we know what she is thinking? Give an example.
Yes - the story switches to a 3rd person
'reliable narrator' to let us know what she is
thinking and doing.
Task 6
Role Walter Mitty Role Frank Abagnale Jr. Same/Different?
an airplane Mitty is a pilot Frank is a pilot Same
a hospital Mitty is a doctor Frank is a doctor Same
a courtroom Mitty is defendant Frank is a District Attorney Different
Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
Task 1, Fragment 1 - Of Course
Task 2 - Of Course Bildungsroman
Task 3, Fragment 2 - Of Course
Task 4 - Of Course
Themes in Great Expectations
Haiku
Haikus are easy.
But sometimes they don't make sense.
Refrigerator.
Form popular since 17th century but only called Haiku since 19th century.
Japanese for 'little point' (kleine doel)
Often about nature but can be written about anything.
Should create a thought, image or story in 17 syllables.
Haiku rules to writing
Time to write your own
Think of a topic(s)
Remember the rules
Use www. thesaurus.com if necessary.
You will type them on to the board for all to see!
Write down your Haiku's here!
Lesson 9 - Blackout poetry
What is blackout poetry?
Free poetry using existing text
Cancel everything but the words of your poem
It goes back 250 years! [Scotsman Caleb Whiteford]
How to make blackout poetry
Go to https://blackoutpoetry.glitch.me/
Find a random text from this site: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/weird-news
Copy and paste the text in the space provided and click on 'Enter text'
Scan your chosen text and pick a word that stands out to you. This will be your anchor word, and will guide what the poem is about.
One by one, select the words you want to black out.
Click on 'black out' which should leave you with your poem!
Click on 'Render Square' to create an image
Click on SHIFT+ + S to copy your image and paste it into a new Word document.
Give the poem a title
You should all make at least one.
Save the document and mail it to me via m.hunt@lindecollege.nl
https://blackoutpoetry.glitch.me/