H 2.3 en M 1.3

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 2

2HT

• No jackets, no phone, no gum, no ear buds.
• Sit accourding to the seating plan.
• Get your notebook and books in front of you.
• The lesson starts after the timer ends.

teacher

Today's lesson

• Recap of the previous lesson.
• Homework check.
• Explanation of 2.2 (last time, I promise)
• Time to work.
• Explanation of 2.3

Pick the painting(s) that is (or are) Dutch.

Source 1

Source 2

Source 3

Source 4

Look for a work of art that is typical for Dutch 18th century painting. You have to explain why you've picked this using two arguments.

Homework check 

• Ch2.2 exc. 6, 8 and 9
• Discus your answers with a clasmate. Your answers should be flawless.
• pay attention to each other.
• do you have a different aswer? Just ask, sometimes there's more than one correct answer.
• correct your answer.

Lesson objectives

• I can describe how the Dutch Republic was governed and what was so unusual about it.
  
• I can use examples to explain that the stadholder and the regents sometimes had different interests.

Tolerance

• Calvinists had advantages
• De state paid for a translation of the bible in Dutch.
• Catholics could only practice their religion at home.
• Normally nobody was bothered with that rule.
• There was tolerence in the Republic.

Science

• There was a scientific revolution in the Republic.
• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - microscope.
• Christiaan Huygens - pendulum clock.
• Spinoza - God is everywhere in nature, but he is not a "person". So the Bible is made up by humans.

Governance in the Republic.

• Regents were in power. These man came from a small group of wealthy (merchant) families. The kept the power within this small group.
• There wasn't a central government. The provinces were governed by the Regional Councils, and they controlled their own taxes, and laws. Only International business was handled by the States General.

Go to work

• For yourselves 10 minutes.
• Ch. 2.3 exc. 1 till 6

You can ask me questions, but you can't talk amongst yourselves.

Groningen 

Frisia

Overijssel

Guelders

Utrecht

Holland

Zeeland

The provinvial States

States General 

Send regents as representatives.

The Dutch Republic

Pensionary of Holland: 

The political advisor of the States General. Always a regent from Holland. He had the power to decide policies about taxes, foreign affairs and law.

Stadtholder:

Captain General of the army. They are all descendants of Willem of Orange, eventhough the the function wasn't originally hereditary.

The Twelve Years'Truce

When the Republic and Spain agreed to stop fighting for 12 years.

• Lets make peace, the war is too expensive

• Lets keep on fighting, they're almost defeated

Maurice convinced the States General to arrest Johan. Civil War was evaded, strict Calvinism became the official religion. But Johan lost his head.

Disaster!

• In 1672 the French and English attacked.
• France wanted the Rhine to be their natural border.
• England wanted to cripple the Republics trade and take over the Republics position.
• Admiral Michiel de Ruyter managed to defeat the English.
  

Return of the...

• Stadtholder. Willem III was called for the defense of the Republic against France.
• Johan de Witt resigned as Grand Pensionary, but was brutally murdered by Orangists in the Hague.
• In 1679 Willem III had succesfully driven the French out of the Republic.
• But after seven years of war the Dutch economy had taken a huge blow, and began to decline.
  

Homework

• Friday 10-10 4th hour
• Ch. 2.3 exc. 1 till 6

You can ask me questions, but you can't talk amongst yourselves.