Pronunciation V5 part 2


Pronunciation
V5 English
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 5

In deze les zitten 28 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

time-iconLesduur is: 30 min

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Pronunciation
V5 English

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Index
1. Syllables
2. Word stress

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Syllables
syllable (noun): a unit of pronunciation that has one vowel sound, and may or may not be surrounded by consonants. A syllable can form a whole word or part of a word. For example, there is one syllable in cat, two syllables in monkey and three syllables in elephant.
How many syllables in: green, quite, quiet, orange, unrealistic, unexceptional?

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

What is word stress?
In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables very quietly.

photograph / photographer / photographic

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

What is word stress?
The syllables that are not stressed are weak or small or quiet. Fluent speakers of English listen for the STRESSED syllables, not the weak syllables. If you use word stress in your speech, you will instantly and automatically improve your pronunciation and your comprehension.

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

2 rules:
1. One word, one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. So if you hear two stresses, you have heard two words, not one word.)
2. The stress is always on a vowel.

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Why is word stress important?
1. word stress is NOT OPTIONAL in English.
2. Fluent English speakers use word stress to communicate rapidly and accurately, even in difficult conditions. If, for example, you do not hear a word clearly, you can still understand the word because of the position of the stress.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Word stress rules
There are some, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

A. Stress on first syllable
1. Most 2-syllable nouns.
PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble
2. Most 2-syllable adjectives.
PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

B. Stress on last syllable
1. Most 2-syllable verbs.
preSENT, exPORT, deCIDE, beGIN

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Change of meaning and class
"PRESENT"
-> stress on first syllable = gift/opposite of absent (noun/adjective)
-> stress on second syllable = to offer (verb)
Other examples:
export, import, contract, object 

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

"Invalid"
IN-va-lid
A
invalide
B
ongeldig

Slide 13 - Quizvraag

"content"
con-TENT
A
inhoud
B
tevreden

Slide 14 - Quizvraag

"Entrance"
en-TRANCE
A
toegang
B
in verrukking brengen

Slide 15 - Quizvraag

"Refuse"
REF-use
A
zelfstandig naamwoord
B
werkwoord

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

"Console"
con-SOLE
A
zelfstandig naamwoord
B
werkwoord

Slide 17 - Quizvraag

C. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)
1. Word ending in -ic.
GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic
2. Words ending in -sion and -tion.
teleVIsion, reveLAtion

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

However...
For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

D. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)
1. Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy.
deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy
2. Words ending in -al
CRItical, geoLOGical

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

E. Compound words (words with two parts)
1. For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part.
BLACKbird, GREENhouse
2. For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part
bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
3. For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part
underSTAND, overFLOW

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

"Antarctic"
Southern pole
A
ANT-ahrk-tik
B
ant-AHRK-tik
C
ant-ahrk-TIK

Slide 22 - Quizvraag

"Asterisk"
typographical symbol
A
AS-tuh-risk
B
as-TUH-risk
C
as-tuh-RISK

Slide 23 - Quizvraag

"Comfortable"
relaxing
A
KUHM-fer-tuh-buh l
B
kuhm-FER-tuh-buh l
C
kuhm-fer-TUG-buh l
D
kuhm-fer-tuh-BUH L

Slide 24 - Quizvraag

"Anathema"
Someone or something is intensely disliked.
A
UH-nath-uh-muh
B
uh-NATH-uh-muh
C
uh-nath-UH-muh
D
uh-nath-uh-MUH

Slide 25 - Quizvraag

"Exponentially"
something's increasing quickly by large amounts.
A
EK-spoh-nen-shuh lee
B
ek-SPOH-nen-shuh lee
C
ek-spoh-NEN-shuh lee
D
ek-spoh-nen-shuh LEE

Slide 26 - Quizvraag

"Ignominious"
synonym for dishonorable or despicable
A
IG-nuh-min-ee-uh s
B
ig-NUH-min-ee-uh s
C
ig-nuh-MIN-ee-uh s
D
ig-nuh-min-EE-uh s

Slide 27 - Quizvraag

"Antidisestablishmentarianism"
being opposed to the withdrawal of state support from an established church
A
AN-tee-dis-uh-stab-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
B
an-tee-DIS-uh-stab-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
C
an-tee-dis-uh-STAB-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
D
an-tee-dis-uh-stab-lish-muh n-TAIR-ee-uh-niz-uh-m

Slide 28 - Quizvraag