Week 2 History of Public Health, NI Perspective CANVAS- Draft.pptx
Unit 8: Health Inequalities
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Unit 8: Health Inequalities
Agenda for today
Recap last weeks seminar.
Looking at history of health inequalities.
Look at health inequalities, from an NI perspective.
Look at the assignment brief and choosing our assignment topic.
As a result of this session, you will be able to:
Health Inequalities are systematic differences in health between different groups of people (The King’s Fund, 2020)
Inequalities exist both between and within countries
Inequalities BETWEEN countries
Japan (the highest at 83.7 years)
UK was 81.2 years
Sierra Leone (the lowest at 50.1 years)
Inequalities WITHIN Countries:Differences can be experienced by people grouped by a range of factors:
Impact of COVID-19 (BMJ 2020)
UK History of Health Inequalities
1942 Beveridge Report
William Beveridge was a social economist who published a report in 1942 titled, 'Social Insurance and Allied Services' that would provide the blueprint for social policy in post-war Britain.
Beveridge had been drawn to the idea of remedying social inequality while working for a charitable organisation in East London. He saw that philanthropy was simply not sufficient in such circumstances and a coherent government plan would be the only sufficient action.
By the outbreak of war, Beveridge found himself working in Whitehall where he was commissioned to lead an inquiry into social services.
His vision was to battle against what he called the five giants; idleness, ignorance, disease, squalor and want.
The Black Report 1980
The findings of this report were explosive: since the inception of the NHS in 1948, health inequalities had not only not diminished but in some cases had actually increased.
The death rate for men in social class V – low income, unskilled – was twice that for men in social class I and the gap between the two was increasing, not reducing as was expected.
Public Health in NI
Social, economic, environmental and health improvements mean people are living longer than before
– between 1981 and 2010 life expectancy had increased for both men and women by 8 and 6 years respectively.
Advances in treatment and care mean that chronic conditions can be managed differently to secure better quality of life for longer.
Not everyone has had an equal chance of experiencing good health and wellbeing.
Too many still die prematurely or live with conditions that could be prevented.
There is a significant gap in health between those who live in more affluent circumstances and those whose circumstances are deprived.
NI Life Expectancy
In 2018-20, life expectancy was 78.7 years for males and 82.4 years for females.
Male life expectancy decreased by 0.9 years from 79.0 years in 2019 to 78.2 years in 2020.
Female life expectancy decreased by 0.8 years from 82.8 years in 2019 to 82.0 years in 2020.
(DoH, 2021)
Take home message:
Public health in Northern Ireland is getting better but the health gains have not been equally experienced by all
(Northern Ireland Assembly, 2014)
Quiz?
Enter your question here
Answer A
Answer B
Answer C
Answer D
Break
Back in 15 minutes
Compulsory Public Health Issues for Assignment 1 & 2
Alcohol
Alcohol misuse is a significant public health issue.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2011), defines harmful drinking as “a pattern of alcohol consumption that causes health problems, including psychological problems such as depression, alcohol-related accidents or physical illness such as acute pancreatitis.”
There is a strong association between alcohol misuse and cancers, liver disease and mental health problems including suicide.
The effects of alcohol impact on the health and wellbeing of individuals but also on families and the wider population.
The impact of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence is much greater for those in the lowest income bracket and those experiencing the highest levels of deprivation.
Mental Health & Wellbeing
“Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community.” (WHO, 2022)
Can be a result of major loss or shock, such as bereavement, unemployment, divorce or a serious health problem.
Some of the most common mental health conditions include depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders
Mental health conditions are associated with significant distress, impairment in functioning and risk of self-harm including suicide.
Despite improving awareness, there remains a stigma.
Poor mental health can increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease.
Public Health Issues in NI – Small Groups Task
Create one PowerPoint Slide as we did for alcohol and mental health.
Describe the public health issue (with reference) – check in with the World Health Organisation first.
Consider the impact on health this issue has – why is the public health issue important?
Email slide to me to share & discuss with peers.
3rd Public Health Issue – Your Choice
I will copy your slides into this presentation and upload them to canvas.
Having considered each of the public health issues, which one will you choose as your 3rd Public Health issue for your assignment?
A Guide to Researching Public Health Issues
Find it on CANVAS
Introduction to Next Weeks Topic
Homework
