3.5 Greek conflict

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3.5 Greek Conflict

3.5 Greek Conflict

At the end of this class you...

• understand what the causes for the Persian and the Peleponnesian wars are

Persian Empire

• A huge empire that contained large cities
• Ruled many different people and made them fight for them and pay them tribute
• King Darius wanted to conquer Europe as well

 Ionian Revolt 499 - 493 BC

• Some cities on the Ionian coast asked Greek poleis to help resist the Persians
• King Darius defeated the Ionian cities
• Now wanted to conquer Greece as a punishment 

Battle of Marathon 490 BC

• Persians decided to attack Athens on a bay called Marathon
• Athens had asked Sparta for help, but they didn't show
• Because of tactics the Athenians defeated the Persians
• The Persians had lost the first Persian war

Second Persian War 480 - 479 BC

• Darius's son Xerxes wanted to revenge the war his father lost
• The Greeks came together to discuss the threat
• Some poleis accepted Persian rule
• Athens and Sparta decided to fight

Battle of Thermopylae 480BCE

• Battle led by the Spartans
• Only 300 Spartan soldiers - agains 30.000 Persian soldiers
• They bravely stood their ground
• But ultimately they all died, including the Spartan king Leonidas 

480 BC: Naval battle of Salamis

• After the destruction of Athens a great naval battle was fought at Salamis.

The Greek ships, heavier and sturdier, won by ramming the Persian ships, which were designed for greater maneuverability but lacked the open water they needed.

The Peloponnesian Wars

• After the Persian Wars Athens and Sparta quickly drifted apart again
• They both started alliances with other poleis
• Athens started the naval Delian League

The Peloponnesian Wars

• Athens started to 'steal' Spartan allies.....
• Delian League became an Athenian Empire
• 431 -> WAR 

The Peloponnesian War

•  430 BC, a plague struck the city of Athens.
• 421 BC, Stalemate & Peace.

The Peloponnesian War

• But in 415 BC the fighting continued.  
• Fighting over Syracuse.
• Athens sent a huge army.
• Back in Greece Sparta attacked Attica.
• In 404 BC Athens surrendered.

Effects of the war...

• Sparta did not have enough Spartans to occupy Greece.
•  Athens was allowed to regrow.
• The war proved one important thing
• Greece was ready to be ruled by one strong polis....