Learning U5 2HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Learning for the test

• Jas uit
• Spullen op tafel

       Leerwerkboek, schrift

• Tas van tafel
• blz. 102- ..

Tips

• Coloured words in the text are very important! You should always be abel to explain what these words mean and are about. Learn and practice them well (Quizlet)
• Homework assingments are good practice for your knowledge of the topics. Be sure to also correct them and learn from mistakes!
• Practice is paramount! Test yourself using: practice quiestions, practice tests, flashcards, etc. Use: lessonup, Digital Book
• Make use of the Biology-AI, They can help you: practice, understand, explain, make practice material.

Sites

Lessonup 

• Look through all given lessons again.
• Answer questions from those lessons again.
• Do a practice test

Digital method (BVJ/Bricks)

• Do and correct homeworkassigntments
• Do a test yourself per pargraph of the unit.

Quizlet

• Practice important words with digital flashcards

Research has shown that: Students that only learn by reading or watching videos/listening to explanations, score much worse than students that mostly practice after the initial reading.

!

B1 Genotype en Phenotype

• Understand: I can explain that every body cell contains the complete DNA of an organism by describing where the DNA is located and what it does.
  
• Understand: I can explain the difference between genotype and phenotype by comparing the two with correct examples.
  
• Apply: I can give examples of how an organism's phenotype can change by describing influences like environment or lifestyle.
  
• Understand: I can explain how cells use only the genes they need by describing how gene activation works.
  
• Analyze: I can explain whether traits are inherited or learned by giving examples and explaining the cause of each.

B2 Chromosomes

• Understand: I can explain that each parent contributes 50% of their chromosomes to the offspring by describing the role of egg and sperm cells.
  
• Understand: I can explain how the sex of a human is determined by the combination of X and Y chromosomes.
  
• Understand: I can explain how sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation by describing how different combinations of chromosomes occur during fertilisation.
  
• Apply: I can give examples of how offspring can look different from their parents due to the mixing of genetic material during reproduction.

B3 Genes en alleles

• Understand: I can describe what genes and alleles are by explaining their role in storing genetic information and showing how they can vary.
  
• Understand: I can describe what a mutation is by explaining how changes in DNA can happen and what effects they may have.
  
• Understand: I can describe how cancer develops by explaining how mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell division.
  
• Apply: I can give examples of causes of mutations, such as radiation or harmful chemicals, and link them to possible health effects.

B4 The theory of evolution

• Understand: I can explain what evolution is as a process of species changing over time.
  
• Understand: I can explain the three main mechanisms of evolution — variation, natural selection and speciation — by using appropriate examples.
  
• Apply: I can use evidence such as fossils or observations to support the theory of evolution.

B5 History of life on earth

• Understand: I can explain what kinship means by correctly using the concept of a common ancestor.
  
• Apply: I can use rudimentray organs, DNA and comparative anatomy as evidence to show evolutionary relationships.

Skip the chapters: Fossils, Eras, Animals on land

B8 Dominant en recessive

• Understand: I can explain that genes can exist in different forms called alleles, and describe the difference between dominant and recessive alleles.
  
• Analyse: I can explain how alleles affect the phenotype in both homozygous and heterozygous combinations by using correct examples.
  
• Apply: I can use gene symbols to write down genotypes and fill in simple Punnett squares to predict the offspring's genetic combinations.

Punnett squares

• Analyse: I can draw conclusions from a story or context about whether an allele is dominant or recessive, or what the genotype of the parents or children is.
  
• Apply: I can make simple genetic crosses using a Punnett square to determine which genotypes are possible in the offspring of two parents.
  
• Evaluate: I can use a Punnett square to calculate the probability of a specific genotype or phenotype appearing in the offspring by working out correct ratios or percentages.

1st choice: + OR Cheat sheet +1 cm2 OR Wheel

2nd and 3rd choice: Cheat sheet +1 cm2 OR Wheel

4th en 5th: Wheel 

TTO