Lesson 5 (Tv2F) - Pleural membrane and diseases

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Chapter 5 (kerboodle) 

Breathing and respiration

Lesson 5: The pleural membrane and diseases (p67-68)

Treathing the air

-Moist

-Warmed

-Filtered and cleaned

Epiglottis

Mucus

Dust and germs get trapped

Cilia (little hairs) move it up your nose an throat

Pleural membrane/cavity

2 pleural membranes (around the lungs and muscles)

Inbetween -> pleural cavity with liquid 

-Prevents seperation of the 2 layers

-Allow volume of lungs to change

-Lubricates the sruface -

  lungs can move easily

Thoracic breathing in

1. Intercostal muscles contract
   
2. Ribs move up and pull pleural membrane open
   
3. Pleural membrane pulls the lungs open
4. Air is pulled into the lungs

Abdominal breathing in

1. Abdominal muscles contract
   
2. Diaphragm moves down
3. Diaphragm pulls pleural membrane open
   
4. Pleural membrane pulls the lungs open
   
5. Air is pulled into the lungs
   

Thoracic breathing out

1. Intercostal muscles relax
   
2. Ribs move down and push pleural membrane closed
   
3. Pleural membrane pushes the lungs closed
4. Air is pushed out of the lungs

Abdominal breathing out

1. Abdominal muscles relax
   
2. Diaphragm moves up
3. Diaphragm push the pleural membrane closed
   
4. Pleural membrane pushes the lungs closed
   
5. Air is pushed out of the lungs
   

Smoking and Asthma

Effects of Smoking

• Tar -> damages teeth and gums -> Causing decay teeth
  
• Loss of smell due to damage nerve endings nose
  
• Damaging cilia, which clean the air that goes into your lungs
  
• Less oxygen uptake in the alveoli due to toxic carbon monoxide gass exchange instead of oxygen uptake
  
• Restriction of the blood vessels and harm of the blood vesssel cells 
• Mutations in the DNA --> Cancer 

The good news --> Recovery possible! 

Asthma

• Inflammation of the airways
  
• airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus
  
  

• Exact cause is unkown
  

inhalators

-Relax the muscles -> widen up the airways

-Anti inflammatory substances stop the inflamation

HW for next lesson 

Kerboodle review exercizes (try to practice as much as you can)

Page 76 -77 

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